{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:03:02Z","timestamp":1791644582058,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The incidence of urinary incontinence (UI) is approximately 10%\u201340% in women, affecting one to two hundred million women worldwide. Stress UI (SUI) is characterized by involuntary urination due to increased abdominal stress and urine leakage without bladder contraction. Surgical treatments include midurethral slings, bulking agents, and Burch colposuspension to restore urethral continence. Nevertheless, an optimal treatment for all types of incontinence has not yet been established. Stem-cell therapy has emerged as a novel treatment for many diseases. Stem cells can self-renew and can differentiate into other cell types. Adult stem cells are suitable for clinical applications because they can be easily obtained noninvasively or minimal invasively. Stem-cell therapy for SUI has been studied preclinically and clinically. Muscle-derived progenitors have been used to treat SUI by promoting the regeneration of rhabdomyosphincters. The human trial used transurethral injection of autologous muscle-derived stem cells to improve sphincter contractility and function. Other sources of stem cells have also been studied in SUI treatment, such as umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, bone marrow, urine, and adipose tissue. The success rate of stem-cell therapy for SUI ranges from 13% to 100%. This review aimed to summarize the current status of stem-cell treatments for SUI, with respect to clinical trials, cell types, transplantation routes, and dosage volume and frequency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/tcmj.tcmj_145_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T03:32:45Z","timestamp":1662348765000},"page":"111-119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Stem-cell therapy in stress urinary incontinence: A review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Pei-Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dah-Ching","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17042","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.42","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in women","volume":"3","author":"Aoki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.07.043","article-title":"Prevalence of female urinary incontinence in the general population according to different definitions and study designs","volume":"69","author":"Bedretdinova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-020-00735-x","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of urinary incontinence in women living in China:A literature review","volume":"20","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23905","article-title":"Burch colposuspension","volume":"38","author":"Veit-Rubin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"R5-20240828","first-page":"S70","article-title":"Midurethral slings for treatment of stress urinary incontinence review","volume":"38","author":"Ford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"R6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-021-04937-1","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of bulking agents versus surgical methods in women with stress urinary incontinence:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Pivazyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"R7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3727\/096368910X","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"20","author":"Ding","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"R8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3727\/096368915X686841","article-title":"Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells:A new era for stem cell therapy","volume":"24","author":"Ding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"R9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-003-0313-x","article-title":"The regeneration process of the striated urethral sphincter involves activation of intrinsic satellite cells","volume":"206","author":"Yiou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anat Embryol (Berl)"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392-200101000-00077","article-title":"Persistence and survival of autologous muscle derived cells versus bovine collagen as potential treatment of stress urinary incontinence","volume":"165","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00120-004-0700-9","article-title":"Stem cell therapy for urinary incontinence","volume":"43","author":"Strasser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urologe A"},{"key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/2090598X.2020.1750864","article-title":"Stem cell applications in regenerative medicine for stress urinary incontinence:A review of effectiveness based on clinical trials","volume":"18","author":"Barakat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arab J Urol"},{"key":"R13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.01.045","article-title":"European Association of Urology guidelines on the diagnosis and management of female non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms. 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