{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:34:15Z","timestamp":1786739655501,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Uremic pruritus (UP), also called chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP), is a bothersome symptom that causes sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, and reduced quality of life. Pruritus often occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease. There is still no definite treatment for UP due to its unclear pathogenesis. We searched electronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) and gathered the latest clinical trials and pilot studies of Western and complementary alternative medicine (CAM) therapies for UP in English. These UP studies were separated into three main groups: systemic, topical, and others and CAM. Gabapentin, nalfurafine, acupuncture, and Chinese herbal bath therapy (CHBT) show antipruritic effects, with higher evidence grades in the meta-analysis. Emollients with additive compounds are more effective for reducing itch than emollients without additives. Supplements for deficient elements, such as zinc, omega-3, and omega-6, also show benefits for pruritus improvement. CAM therapies such as acupuncture, herbs, and herbal baths or creams all have good results for UP treatment. We summarize the treatments and suggest a treatment algorithm for UP according to severity. Some UP therapies are already supported by large-scale clinical evidence, and some new treatments can provide patients with new hope and treatment options. However, these new methods still need large population studies and further exploration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/tcmj.tcmj_151_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T05:33:52Z","timestamp":1608701632000},"page":"350-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Western and complementary alternative medicine treatment of uremic pruritus"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ping-Hsun","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chih","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Chien","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Hsin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ko-Lin","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03280317","article-title":"International comparisons of prevalence, awareness, and treatment of pruritus in people on hemodialysis","volume":"12","author":"Rayner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R2-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2935","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002935","article-title":"A comparison of uremic pruritus in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis","volume":"95","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore"},{"key":"R3-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.454","article-title":"Uremic pruritus","volume":"87","author":"Mettang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R4-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3125","article-title":"Mortality of haemodialysis patients with and without chronic itch: A follow-up study of the german epidemiological hemodialysis itch study (GEHIS)","volume":"99","author":"Grochulska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"R5-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16182","article-title":"The treatment of Kyrle's disease: A systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Forouzandeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R6-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000251","article-title":"Etiology and prognostic significance of severe uremic pruritus in chronic hemodialysis patients","volume":"69","author":"Narita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R7-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)02478-2","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of uremic pruritus in patients undergoing hemodialysis: Uremic pruritus is still a major problem for patients with end-stage renal disease","volume":"49","author":"Zucker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R8-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfi204","article-title":"The role of micro-inflammation in the pathogenesis of uraemic pruritus in haemodialysis patients","volume":"21","author":"Kimmel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R10-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3338","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr053","article-title":"Interleukin-2 serum levels are elevated in patients with uremic pruritus: A novel finding with practical implications","volume":"26","author":"Fallahzadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R11-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.04.027","article-title":"CKD-associated pruritus: New insights into diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management","volume":"5","author":"Verduzco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"R12-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0987-7053(01)00257-X","article-title":"Is pruritus in chronic uremic patients related to peripheral somatic and autonomic neuropathy? 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