{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:23:24Z","timestamp":1787847804557,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Cochlear implantation (CI) has developed for more than four decades. Initially, CI was used for profound bilateral hearing impairment. However, the indications for CI have expanded in recent years to include children with symptomatic partial deafness. Therefore, CI strategies to preserve residual hearing are important for both patients and otologists. The loss of residual low-frequency hearing is thought to be the result of many factors. All surgical methods have the same goal: protect the delicate intracochlear structures and preserve residual low-frequency hearing to improve speech perception abilities. Fully opening the round window membrane, a straight electrode array, slower insertion speed, and the use of corticosteroids result in a higher rate of hearing preservation. Several factors, like the way of surgical approaches, length of arrays and timing of activation, may not affect the residual hearing preservation. Therefore, the classic atraumatic technique, including the very slow and delicate insertion and administration of intraoperative corticosteroids, can improve hearing outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/tcmj.tcmj_181_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T22:54:35Z","timestamp":1612652075000},"page":"359-364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Residual hearing preservation for cochlear implantation surgery"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Chung-Ching","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Ping","family":"Chiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chu-Man","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Jen","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Pin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1044\/hhdc19.1.32","article-title":"Current practices in pediatric cochlear implantation","volume":"19","author":"Bradham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Perspect Hear Hear Disord Child"},{"key":"R2-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.17430\/882765","article-title":"Partial deafness treatment in children: Educational settings after 5-7 years of cochlear implant use","volume":"2","author":"Zgoda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hear Sci"},{"key":"R3-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/14670100.2016.1152014","article-title":"Cochlear implant assessment and candidacy for children with partial hearing","volume":"17","author":"Wilson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochlear Implants Int"},{"key":"R4-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198210000-00005","article-title":"Loss of residual hearing after cochlear implantation","volume":"99","author":"Boggess","year":"1989","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"R5-7-20240828","first-page":"179","article-title":"Conservation of residual hearing with cochlear implantation","volume":"18","author":"Hodges","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"R6-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1159\/000027695","article-title":"Electric-acoustic stimulation of the auditory system. New technology for severe hearing loss","volume":"61","author":"von Ilberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"R7-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25122","article-title":"Residual hearing preservation after cochlear implantation via round window or cochleostomy approach","volume":"125","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"R8-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1159\/000095613","article-title":"Comparison of round window and cochleostomy approaches with a prototype hearing preservation electrode","volume":"11","author":"Briggs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol"},{"key":"R9-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1080\/14670100.2017.1330735","article-title":"Systematic review: Radiological and histological evidence of cochlear implant insertion trauma in adult patients","volume":"18","author":"Hoskison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochlear Implants Int"},{"key":"R10-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000442515","article-title":"Effects of round window opening size and moisturised electrodes on intracochlear pressure related to the insertion of a cochlear implant electrode","volume":"6","author":"Todt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Audiol Neurotol Extra"},{"key":"R11-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820912032","article-title":"Effect of round window opening size on residual hearing preservation in cochlear implantation","volume":"163","author":"Gotamco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R12-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318219f6ac","article-title":"Impact of the insertion speed of cochlear implant electrodes on the insertion forces","volume":"32","author":"Kontorinis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"R13-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e449","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002570","article-title":"Comparison of hearing preservation outcomes using extended versus single-dose steroid therapy in cochlear implantation","volume":"41","author":"Gotamco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"R14-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002083","article-title":"Hearing preservation in cochlear implant surgery: A meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Snels","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"R15-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1179\/cim.2001.2.2.135","article-title":"Surgical implications of perimodiolar cochlear implant electrode design: Avoiding intracochlear damage and scala vestibuli insertion","volume":"2","author":"Briggs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochlear Implants Int"},{"key":"R16-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816684104","article-title":"Intracochlear pressure changes due to 2 electrode types: An artificial model experiment","volume":"156","author":"Mittmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R17-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.05.002","article-title":"Impact of electrode insertion depth on intracochlear trauma","volume":"135","author":"Adunka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R18-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200407000-00018","article-title":"Development and evaluation of an improved cochlear implant electrode design for electric acoustic stimulation","volume":"114","author":"Adunka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"R19-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000753","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of the contribution of reported factors in cochlear implantation on hearing preservation outcomes","volume":"36","author":"Causon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"R20-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1179\/1754762815Y.0000000008","article-title":"Effects of loss of residual hearing on speech performance with the CI422 and the Hybrid-L electrode","volume":"16","author":"Friedmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochlear Implants Int"},{"key":"R21-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000703","article-title":"Hearing preservation among patients undergoing cochlear implantation","volume":"36","author":"van Abel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"R22-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000111780","article-title":"Effects of round window dexamethasone on residual hearing in a Guinea pig model of cochlear implantation","volume":"13","author":"James","year":"2008","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol"},{"key":"R23-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31666","article-title":"Corticosteroid-releasing cochlear implant: A novel hybrid of biomaterial and drug delivery system","volume":"94","author":"Farahmand Ghavi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"R24-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318033c2f9","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in cochlear implant surgery","volume":"117","author":"Hirsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"R25-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489416660113","article-title":"A systematic review of perioperative versus prophylactic antibiotics for cochlear implantation","volume":"125","author":"Anne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"R26-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489418758101","article-title":"Postoperative antibiotics following cochlear implantation: Are they necessary?","volume":"127","author":"Almosnino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"R27-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71929","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071929","article-title":"Impedance and electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) drop within 24 h after cochlear implantation","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R28-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000259","article-title":"Safety and functional results of early cochlear implant switch-on in children","volume":"35","author":"Marsella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"R29-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13427","article-title":"Feasibility of early activation after cochlear implantation","volume":"44","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"R30-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000586","article-title":"Young age is a positive prognostic factor for residual hearing preservation in conventional cochlear implantation","volume":"36","author":"Anagiotos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"R31-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182204526","article-title":"Implications of minimizing trauma during conventional cochlear implantation","volume":"32","author":"Carlson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"R32-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182785210","article-title":"The effects of residual hearing in traditional cochlear implant candidates after implantation with a conventional electrode","volume":"34","author":"Cosetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"R33-7-20240828","first-page":"356","article-title":"Intracochlear placement of cochlear implant electrodes in soft surgery technique","volume":"41","author":"Lehnhardt","year":"1993","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"R34-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318238264d","article-title":"Surgical trauma after sequential insertion of intracochlear catheters and electrode arrays (a histologic study)","volume":"32","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"R35-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318064e891","article-title":"Cochlear implant electrode insertion: The round window revisited","volume":"117","author":"Roland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"R36-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1179\/1467010014Z.000000000170","article-title":"Long-term results of partial deafness treatment","volume":"15","author":"Skarzynski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochlear Implants Int"},{"key":"R37-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.891937","article-title":"Force application during cochlear implant insertion: An analysis for improvement of surgeon technique","volume":"54","author":"Todd","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"R38-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480802552568","article-title":"A new electrode for residual hearing preservation in cochlear implantation: First clinical results","volume":"129","author":"Gstoettner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"R39-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1159\/000339350","article-title":"A case series of paediatric hearing preservation cochlear implantation: A new treatment modality for children with drug-induced or congenital partial deafness","volume":"17","author":"Kuthubutheen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol"},{"key":"R41-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000389","article-title":"Risk factors for loss of ipsilateral residual hearing after hybrid cochlear implantation","volume":"35","author":"Kopelovich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"R42-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200310000-00012","article-title":"Combining acoustic and electrical hearing","volume":"113","author":"Gantz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"R43-7-20240828","first-page":"31","article-title":"Histopathology of the inner ear relevant to cochlear implantation","volume":"64","author":"Nadol","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R44-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940711601004","article-title":"Analysis of intracochlear new bone and fibrous tissue formation in human subjects with cochlear implants","volume":"116","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"R45-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318288643e","article-title":"Hearing preservation surgery: Cochleostomy or round window approach? A systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Havenith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"R46-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001110","article-title":"The Impact of Electrode Array Length on Hearing Preservation in Cochlear Implantation","volume":"37","author":"Suhling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"R47-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1585094","article-title":"Methods of hearing preservation during cochlear implantation","volume":"21","author":"Khater","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R48-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200544010-00003","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of systemically administered glucocorticoids","volume":"44","author":"Czock","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"}],"container-title":["Tzu Chi Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tcmj.tcmj_181_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:38:46Z","timestamp":1787845126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tcmj.tcmj_181_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/tcmj.tcmj_181_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["1016-3190"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1016-3190","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}}}