{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:34:59Z","timestamp":1786739699325,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) can induce neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), leading to urinary incontinence and renal damage due to low bladder compliance and high detrusor pressure during the storage and voiding of urine. In 2011, Botox\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      (onabotulinumtoxinA, botulinum neurotoxin serotype A [BoNT-A]) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of NDO. Intradetrusor injection of BoNT-A has been shown to have clinical utility for the treatment of urinary incontinence, with consequent improvements in quality of life for patients. In the past 20 years, this treatment has been shown to be an effective treatment for patients with SCI refractory to antimuscarinic medication. The present review focused on publications in MEDLINE\/PubMed relating to botulinum toxin to evaluate the treatment outcomes of repeated injection of BoNT-A, the mechanisms of action, results of clinical and urodynamic studies, and adverse effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/tcmj.tcmj_77_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T04:13:12Z","timestamp":1595995992000},"page":"101-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Will repeated botulinum toxin A improve detrusor overactivity and bladder compliance in patients with chronic spinal cord injury?"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sheng-Fu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hann-Chorng","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1159\/000279335","article-title":"Incidence of spinal cord injury worldwide: A systematic review","volume":"34","author":"van den Berg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"R2-1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1159\/000019676","article-title":"Quality of life after active urological management of chronic spinal cord injury in Eastern Taiwan","volume":"34","author":"Kuo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"R3-1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2006.06192.x","article-title":"Botulinum toxin-type A in the treatment of drug-resistant neurogenic detrusor overactivity secondary to traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"98","author":"Patki","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"R4-1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2003.12.004","article-title":"European experience of 200 cases treated with botulinum-A toxin injections into the detrusor muscle for urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity","volume":"45","author":"Reitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"R5-1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2004.11.009","article-title":"Success of repeat detrusor injections of botulinum a toxin in patients with severe neurogenic detrusor overactivity and incontinence","volume":"47","author":"Grosse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"R6-1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.21129","article-title":"Bladder compliance what does it represent: Can we measure it, and is it clinically relevant?","volume":"30","author":"Wyndaele","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"R7-1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.04.028","article-title":"EAU guidelines on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction","volume":"56","author":"St\u00f6hrer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"R8-1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67283-7","article-title":"Botulinum-A toxin for treating detrusor hyperreflexia in spinal cord injured patients: A new alternative to anticholinergic drugs? 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