{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:31:44Z","timestamp":1787841104077,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 56-year-old female presented with bilateral progressive blurred vision over 1 month. She has no known malignancy before her initial visit to our ophthalmologic clinic. Her best-corrected visual acuity decreased to hand motion from 30 cm in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography exhibited parafoveal thinning of outer retinal layers bilaterally. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography disclosed hypofluorescent spots in late phase in both eyes. The suspicion of cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) prompted us to investigate and refer for further systemic disease including occult malignancy. The patient was diagnosed with small-cell carcinoma of the endometrium or cervix, which is an extremely rare and aggressive neuroendocrine tumor. The patient was treated with oral prednisone with improved visual acuity. The patient expired from sepsis 2 months after her initial visit to our ophthalmologic clinic. In selected cases, CAR may present before the diagnosis of primary cancer. It is essential to recognize its ophthalmic manifestation for early discovery of primary malignancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo-d-23-00100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T04:00:07Z","timestamp":1704772807000},"page":"494-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cancer-associated retinopathy as an initial presentation of gynecologic small-cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hwa-Shin","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Sue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Kuo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Shen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2019.108317","article-title":"Occurrence of major anti-retinal autoantibodies associated with paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy","volume":"210","author":"Adamus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R2-20250915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8110490","article-title":"Ocular paraneoplastic syndromes","volume":"8","author":"Prze\u017adziecka-Do\u0142yk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"R3-20250915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e235046","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-235046","article-title":"Cancer-associated retinopathy preceding the diagnosis of a pulmonary carcinoid tumour","volume":"13","author":"Merle","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"R4-20250915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2011.588657","article-title":"Cancer-associated retinopathy: Update on pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"26","author":"Shildkrot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20250915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0948-2","article-title":"Cancer-associated retinopathy preceding the diagnosis of cancer","volume":"18","author":"Hoogewoud","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-20250915","first-page":"8869","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the endometrium: A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"R7-20250915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6253","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2020.03.88","article-title":"Paraneoplastic syndromes in small cell lung cancer","volume":"12","author":"Soomro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"}],"container-title":["Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tjo.TJO-D-23-00100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:42:26Z","timestamp":1787838146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tjo.TJO-D-23-00100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/tjo.tjo-d-23-00100","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-5056","2211-5072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-5056","type":"print"},{"value":"2211-5072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-19","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-03","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}