{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T21:26:57Z","timestamp":1787952417310,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PURPOSE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the ocular manifestations in the acute stage of Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/ toxic epidermal necrolysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed all the medical records of patients diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/ toxic epidermal necrolysis and erythema multiforme between 2012 and 2019. Demographics, ophthalmic manifestations, and the treatment given systemically and locally were reviewed and analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We had forty-five patients admitted to our hospital between Jan 2012 to Dec 2019 with SJS\/TEN as a diagnosis. Twenty-six (57.5%) of them were females, and 19(42.2%) were males. The mean age was 27.5 years. Forty (88.9%) of our cases were diagnosed as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and five (11.9%) as toxic epidermal necrolysis. We found antiepileptics as a triggering agent in thirteen cases (28.8%). Fever (84.4%) and mucosal lesions (86.7%) were the most common presenting symptom. We found ocular symptoms in only 22 (48.9%) patients. The treating physicians referred only thirty-one cases to the ophthalmologist, out of which 22 cases were referred within three days of admission. The most common ocular involvement was conjunctival congestion (69%). Ocular grading showed that mild grade included 42.9%, moderate grade 28.6%, and severe grade 28.6% of the cases. The ocular treatment involved medical management with lubricating drops (100%), topical steroids (58.6%), and topical antibiotics (68.9%). Five individuals with a severe grade of ocular involvement underwent amniotic membrane transplantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ocular examination and grading are essential in the acute stage of SJS\/TEN. It helps the ophthalmologist recognize the sentinel findings and institute appropriate treatment in the acute stage as early as possible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_13_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]],"date-time":"2021-06-26T01:49:41Z","timestamp":1624672181000},"page":"184-190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ocular manifestations in acute stage Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis - A retrospective study in a tertiary hospital in South India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Thanuja Gopal","family":"Pradeep","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samyakta A.","family":"Shetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-10-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2015.10.002","article-title":"Stevens-johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis \u2013 A comprehensive review and guide to therapy. 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