{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:33:59Z","timestamp":1786739639322,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PURPOSE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Residual visual loss is an important predictor of optic neuritis relapse and progression. This study aimed to investigate the hidden residual visual loss in patients with optic neuritis using automated contrast-sensitivity (CS) function testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study investigated 29 recovered optic neuritis patients (age: 27.69 \u00b1 13.32 years, range: 13\u201351). Twenty age-matched controls with normal visual acuity (VA, in LogMAR) were recruited, for comparison with patients' VA and CS function after stable recovery from optic neuritis (6 months of follow-up). CS tests used a novel software that displays a single set of Gabor patches (2 cycles per degree at 10\u00b0 \u00d710\u00b0 of visual angle) with contrasts grating from 100% to 0.1%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 13 adolescent patients (63.6%: retrobulbar neuritis [RN]; 36.4%: papillitis), 14 adult patients (50%: RN; 42.9%: papillitis), and only 2 older patients (all with neuroretinitis). There was improvement of VA in the patient group at first diagnosis and follow-up (VA initial vs. final: 1.438 \u00b1 1.134 vs. 0.235 \u00b1 0.272,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). This VA improvement was similar to control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.052). In CS, there were significant differences in patient versus control groups (69.069% \u00b1 70.235% vs. 27.215% \u00b1 25.27%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.025). Linear regression showed that initial VA and CS function could not predict final VA (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.183 and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.138, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with optic neuritis showed decreased CS compared to control group which indicated the residual visual loss. Automated CS testing is useful in detecting residual visual loss in patients who recovered from optic neuritis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_21_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T01:59:47Z","timestamp":1628647187000},"page":"301-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Automated grating contrast-sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Indra Tri","family":"Mahayana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhimas Hari","family":"Sakti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatang Talka","family":"Gani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000175562.27101.51","article-title":"Standard measures of visual acuity do not predict drivers' recognition performance under day or night conditions","volume":"82","author":"Wood","year":"2005","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R2-7-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517690822","article-title":"Validity of low-contrast letter acuity as a visual performance outcome measure for multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Balcer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"R4-7-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3921\/joptom.2010.2","article-title":"Spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity in the cardinal directions of the colour space: A review","volume":"3","author":"D\u00edez-Ajenjo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Optometry"},{"key":"R5-7-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2590-x","article-title":"Evaluation of contrast sensitivity measurements after retrobulbar optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis","volume":"252","author":"Owidzka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-7-20240830","first-page":"82","article-title":"Optic neuritis: A review","volume":"16","author":"Shams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int MS J"},{"key":"R7-7-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101206010065","article-title":"Optic neuritis, its differential diagnosis and management","volume":"6","author":"Hoorbakht","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open Ophthalmol J"},{"key":"R9-7-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000524","article-title":"Factors associated with recovery from acute optic neuritis in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"82","author":"Malik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R10-7-20240830","first-page":"616","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of optic neuritis","volume":"112","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"R11-7-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/S1888-4296(11)70054-1","article-title":"The new numbers contrast sensitivity chart for contrast sensitivity measurement","volume":"4","author":"Khambhiphant","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Optom"},{"key":"R12-7-20240830","first-page":"2281","article-title":"Camblobs2\u2122, a novel chart for contrast sensitivity testing, shows correlation to Mars\u2122 chart in MS patients with optic neuritis","volume":"60","author":"Tchakmakian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R14-7-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2896-4","article-title":"Human vision with a lesion of the parvocellular pathway: An optic neuritis model for selective contrast sensitivity deficits with severe loss of midget ganglion cell function","volume":"215","author":"Al-Hashmi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"}],"container-title":["Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tjo.tjo_21_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T19:30:48Z","timestamp":1786735848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tjo.tjo_21_21"}},"subtitle":["The easy test for hidden visual loss in recovered optic neuritis patient"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/tjo.tjo_21_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-5056"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-5056","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}}}