{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:23:12Z","timestamp":1791562992832,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) are universally recommended in cataract cases with preoperative corneal astigmatism \u22651.5 D. An optimal surgical outcome depends on careful patient selection, complete preoperative evaluation, accurate IOL power calculation, precise marking of the axis, meticulous intraoperative approach, and methodical postoperative care. Understanding the importance of posterior corneal astigmatism, surgically induced astigmatism, and effective lens position in IOL power calculation and newer techniques to measure them directly have resulted in better postoperative refractive outcomes. We present a brief overview of toric IOLs along with the preoperative evaluation, IOL power calculation, different marking methods, intraoperative approach, and postoperative outcomes. Functional and anatomical outcomes, including uncorrected visual acuity, residual refractive astigmatism, and postoperative IOL misalignment, which have been reported for both toric IOLs and multifocal toric IOLs, are reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_43_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T05:08:54Z","timestamp":1639112934000},"page":"197-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Toric intraocular lens: A literature review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mithun","family":"Thulasidas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cataract and Glaucoma Services, Sankara Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aishwarya","family":"Kadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sankara Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00526-2","article-title":"Influence of astigmatism on multifocal and monofocal intraocular lenses","volume":"130","author":"Hayashi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(13)80232-5","article-title":"Toric intraocular lenses:Correcting astigmatism while controlling axis shift","volume":"20","author":"Shimizu","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R3-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_73_18","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of two toric intraocular lenses for correcting astigmatism in patients undergoing phacoemulsification","volume":"66","author":"Seth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20240830","first-page":"e95","article-title":"Toric intraocular lens implantation in children with developmental cataract and preexisting corneal astigmatism","volume":"95","author":"Ram","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.01.044","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcomes of toric intraocular lens implantation in cataract cases with preexisting astigmatism","volume":"40","author":"Miyake","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20120208-06","article-title":"High-cylinder acrylic toric intraocular lenses:A case series of eyes with cataracts and large amounts of corneal astigmatism","volume":"28","author":"Cervantes-Coste","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R7-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20120703-03","article-title":"Comparison of the visual outcomes and OPD-scan results of AMO Tecnis toric and Alcon Acrysof IQ toric intraocular lenses","volume":"28","author":"Ferreira","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.03.034","article-title":"Cataract surgery with toric intraocular lens implantation in patients with high corneal astigmatism","volume":"37","author":"Visser","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.07.033","article-title":"The AcrySof Toric intraocular lens in subjects with cataracts and corneal astigmatism:A randomized, subject-masked, parallel-group, 1-year study","volume":"117","author":"Holland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R10-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2010.24.4.207","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and rotational stability of AcrySof toric intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.04.043","article-title":"Comparison of toric intraocular lenses and peripheral corneal relaxing incisions to treat astigmatism during cataract surgery","volume":"36","author":"Mingo-Bot\u00edn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R12-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.05.018","article-title":"Rotational stability of a single-piece toric acrylic intraocular lens","volume":"36","author":"Koshy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R13-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3129\/i09-048","article-title":"Early experience with the AcrySof toric IOL for the correction of astigmatism in cataract surgery","volume":"44","author":"Dardzhikova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R14-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.11.043","article-title":"Toric intraocular lens versus opposite clear corneal incisions to correct astigmatism in eyes having cataract surgery","volume":"35","author":"Mendicute","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R15-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.05.031","article-title":"Astigmatism management in cataract surgery with the AcrySof toric intraocular lens","volume":"34","author":"Bauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R16-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.11.033","article-title":"Foldable toric intraocular lens for astigmatism correction in cataract patients","volume":"34","author":"Mendicute","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R17-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0955-3","article-title":"Comparison of clinical outcomes of toric intraocular lens, Precizon vs Tecnis:A single center randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R18-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310386","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after implantation of a toric intraocular lens with a transitional conic toric surface","volume":"102","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R19-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20160428-07","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after cataract surgery with a new transitional toric intraocular lens","volume":"32","author":"Ferreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R20-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S91298","article-title":"Astigmatism management in cataract surgery with precizon(\u00ae) toric intraocular lens:A prospective study","volume":"10","author":"Vale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R21-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257217","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3257217","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after uncomplicated cataract surgery with implantation of the tecnis toric intraocular lens","volume":"2016","author":"Lubi\u0144ski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R22-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.06.027","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of TECNIS toric intraocular lens implantation after cataract removal in patients with corneal astigmatism","volume":"122","author":"Waltz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R23-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-306587","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of aspheric toric intraocular lens implantation and limbal relaxing incisions in eyes with cataracts and\u22643 dioptres of astigmatism","volume":"100","author":"Lam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R24-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.09.032","article-title":"Rotational stability of a single-piece toric acrylic intraocular lens:A pilot study","volume":"157","author":"Hirnschall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R25-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1159\/000353389","article-title":"Visual and refractive outcomes after cataract surgery with implantation of a new toric intraocular lens","volume":"4","author":"Mazzini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R26-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.08.055","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after implantation of a new hydrophobic acrylic toric IOL during routine cataract surgery","volume":"39","author":"Sheppard","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R27-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2018.0041","article-title":"Efficacy of 4-haptic bitoric intraocular lens implantation in asian patients with cataract and astigmatism","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R28-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.06.007","article-title":"Toric intraocular lenses versus peripheral corneal relaxing incisions for astigmatism between 0.75 and 2.5 diopters during cataract surgery","volume":"180","author":"Nanavaty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R29-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.08.040","article-title":"Injectable 1-piece hydrophilic acrylic toric intraocular lens for cataract surgery:Efficacy and stability","volume":"37","author":"Entabi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R30-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000000118","article-title":"Comparison of visual and refractive outcomes of 2 trifocal intraocular lenses","volume":"46","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R31-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2018.09.025","article-title":"Comparison of 3-month visual outcomes of a spherical and a toric trifocal intraocular lens","volume":"45","author":"Poyales","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R32-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672118795065","article-title":"Stability and visual outcomes yielded by three intraocular trifocal lenses with same optical zone design but differing material or toricity","volume":"29","author":"Poyales","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R33-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(00)00317-5","article-title":"Astigmatism correction with a foldable toric intraocular lens in cataract patients","volume":"26","author":"Ruhswurm","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R34-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.12.042","article-title":"Clinical results after spherotoric intraocular lens implantation using the bag-in-the-lens technique","volume":"37","author":"Tassignon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R35-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0076-5","article-title":"Patient outcomes following implantation with a trifocal toric IOL:Twelve-month prospective multicentre study","volume":"33","author":"Piovella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R36-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2006.04.022","article-title":"Evaluation of a toric intraocular lens with a Z-haptic","volume":"32","author":"De","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R37-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20110105-01","article-title":"Correction of astigmatism after cataract surgery using the light adjustable lens:A 1-year follow-up pilot study","volume":"27","author":"Lichtinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R38-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.164616","article-title":"Use of the light-adjustable lens to correct astigmatism after cataract surgery","volume":"94","author":"Chayet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R39-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S167726","article-title":"Prospective multicenter clinical trial to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new glistening-free one-piece acrylic toric intraocular lens","volume":"12","author":"Packer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R40-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4373","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S285711","article-title":"Astigmatic results of a diffractive trifocal toric IOL following intraoperative aberrometry guidance","volume":"14","author":"Blaylock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R41-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.02.025","article-title":"Analysis of biometry and prevalence data for corneal astigmatism in 23,239 eyes","volume":"36","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R42-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.09.027","article-title":"Prevalence of corneal astigmatism before cataract surgery","volume":"35","author":"Ferrer-Blasco","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R43-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.04.009","article-title":"Customized ultra-high-power toric intraocular lens implantation for pellucid marginal degeneration and cataract","volume":"36","author":"Luck","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R44-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_810_17","article-title":"Optimizing outcomes with toric intraocular lenses","volume":"65","author":"Kaur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R45-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2016.12.011","article-title":"Rotational stability of 2 intraocular lenses with an identical design and different materials","volume":"43","author":"Draschl","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R46-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000000415","article-title":"Comparison of surgical repositioning rates and outcomes for hydrophilic vs hydrophobic single-piece acrylic toric IOLs","volume":"47","author":"Haripriya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R47-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90504-3","article-title":"Postoperative intraocular lens rotation:A randomized comparison of plate and loop haptic implants","volume":"106","author":"Patel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R48-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.01.037","article-title":"Visual performance of 2 aspheric toric intraocular lenses:Comparative study","volume":"39","author":"Scialdone","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R49-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4064369","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4064369","article-title":"Comparison of two toric IOLs with different haptic design:Optical quality after 1 year","volume":"2018","author":"Mih\u00e1ltz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R50-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02336.x","article-title":"Comparison of grafted and non-grafted patients with corneal astigmatism undergoing cataract extraction with a toric intraocular lens implant","volume":"38","author":"Stewart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R51-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.02.020","article-title":"Toric intraocular lenses:Historical overview, patient selection, IOL calculation, surgical techniques, clinical outcomes, and complications","volume":"39","author":"Visser","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R52-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2129_19","article-title":"Evaluation of corneal topography and tomography in fellow eyes of unilateral keratoconus patients for early detection of subclinical keratoconus","volume":"68","author":"Thulasidas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R53-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S238686","article-title":"How can we improve toric intraocular lens calculation methods?Current insights","volume":"14","author":"Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R54-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2016.02.048","article-title":"Intraoperative aberrometry versus standard preoperative biometry and a toric IOL calculator for bilateral toric IOL implantation with a femtosecond laser:One-month results","volume":"42","author":"Woodcock","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R55-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20131217-07","article-title":"Optimizing precision in toric lens selection by combining keratometry techniques","volume":"30","author":"Browne","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R56-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2014.898376","article-title":"Prediction of residual astigmatism after cataract surgery using swept source Fourier domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"39","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"R57-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.4103\/kjo.kjo_133_20","article-title":"Astigmatism correction with toric intraocular lens during cataract surgery","volume":"32","author":"Sandhya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kerala J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R58-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181c2965f","article-title":"Effects of aging on anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism","volume":"29","author":"Ho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R59-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.06.027","article-title":"Correcting astigmatism with toric intraocular lenses:Effect of posterior corneal astigmatism","volume":"39","author":"Koch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R60-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20150122-04","article-title":"Adjustment of anterior corneal astigmatism values to incorporate the likely effect of posterior corneal curvature for toric intraocular lens calculation","volume":"31","author":"Goggin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R61-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672119870738","article-title":"Validation of posterior corneal curvature measurements with color light-emitting diode topography","volume":"30","author":"Pi\u00f1ero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R62-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S146730","article-title":"Comparability and repeatability of different methods of corneal astigmatism assessment","volume":"12","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R63-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.OJO_163_2013","article-title":"Evaluation of a new electronic preoperative reference marker for toric intraocular lens implantation by two different methods of analysis:Adobe Photoshop versus iTrace","volume":"10","author":"Farooqui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oman J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R64-20240830","first-page":"363","article-title":"The accuracy of ultrasonic measurement of the axial length of the eye","volume":"12","author":"Binkhorst","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"R65-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1989.tb00732.x","article-title":"Immersion versus contact technique in the measurement of axial length by ultrasound","volume":"67","author":"Olsen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)"},{"key":"R66-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(01)01274-3","article-title":"Refractive outcome of cataract surgery using partial coherence interferometry and ultrasound biometry:Clinical feasibility study of a commercial prototype II","volume":"28","author":"Kiss","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R67-20240830","first-page":"213","article-title":"Is pseudophakic astigmatism a desirable goal?","volume":"48","author":"Nagpal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R68-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(00)00796-3","article-title":"Analysis of aggregate surgically induced refractive change, prediction error, and intraocular astigmatism","volume":"27","author":"Holladay","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R69-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2005.12.139","article-title":"Prediction of the effective postoperative (intraocular lens) anterior chamber depth","volume":"32","author":"Olsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R70-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.02.027","article-title":"Precision of biometry, keratometry, and refractive measurements with a partial coherence interferometry-keratometry device","volume":"36","author":"Shammas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R71-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2018.01.031","article-title":"Risk factors for refractive error after cataract surgery:Analysis of 282 811 cataract extractions reported to the European registry of quality outcomes for cataract and refractive surgery","volume":"44","author":"Lundstr\u00f6m","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R72-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2016.02.038","article-title":"New regression formula for toric intraocular lens calculations","volume":"42","author":"Abulafia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R73-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20130415-06","article-title":"A new slant on toric intraocular lens power calculation","volume":"29","author":"Savini","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R74-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.04.047","article-title":"Influence of axial length and corneal power on the astigmatic power of toric intraocular lenses","volume":"39","author":"Savini","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R75-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2015.56.4.1097","article-title":"Comparison of the astigmatic power of toric intraocular lenses using three toric calculators","volume":"56","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"R76-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(13)80339-2","article-title":"An improved universal theoretical formula for intraocular lens power prediction","volume":"19","author":"Barrett","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R77-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.08.036","article-title":"Prediction of refractive outcomes with toric intraocular lens implantation","volume":"41","author":"Abulafia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R78-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0489-9","article-title":"Performance of the Barrett toric calculator with and without measurements of posterior corneal curvature","volume":"33","author":"Skrzypecki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R79-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20151210-02","article-title":"Intraoperative wavefront aberrometry for toric intraocular lens placement in eyes with a history of refractive surgery","volume":"32","author":"Yesilirmak","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R80-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20140032","article-title":"Surgical management of astigmatism with toric intraocular lenses","volume":"77","author":"Ventura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"R81-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.09.045","article-title":"Comparison of 3 marking techniques in preoperative assessment of toric intraocular lenses using a wavefront aberrometer","volume":"41","author":"Woo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R82-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1618","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001618","article-title":"Comparison between digital and manual marking for toric intraocular lenses:A randomized trial","volume":"94","author":"Elhofi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R83-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.191486","article-title":"Anterior stromal puncture with staining:A modified technique for preoperative reference corneal marking for toric lenses and its retrospective analyses","volume":"64","author":"Bhandari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R84-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2009.09.021","article-title":"Iris fingerprinting:New method for improving accuracy in toric lens orientation","volume":"36","author":"Osher","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R85-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.12.052","article-title":"Accuracy of toric intraocular lens axis alignment using a 3-dimensional computer-guided visualization system","volume":"42","author":"Montes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R86-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20170504-02","article-title":"Comparing the zeiss Callisto eye and the alcon verion image guided system toric lens alignment technologies","volume":"33","author":"Hura","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R87-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2017.01.012","article-title":"Toric outcomes:Computer-assisted registration versus intraoperative aberrometry","volume":"43","author":"Solomon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R88-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2017.07.030","article-title":"Comparison of visual outcomes, alignment accuracy, and surgical time between 2 methods of corneal marking for toric intraocular lens implantation","volume":"43","author":"Mayer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R89-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.09.039","article-title":"Evaluation of variables affecting intraoperative aberrometry","volume":"38","author":"Stringham","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R90-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20180115-03","article-title":"Evaluation of the accuracy of two marking methods and the novel toriCAM application for toric intraocular lens alignment","volume":"34","author":"Pallas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R91-20240830","first-page":"555","article-title":"Clinical outcomes using standard phacoemulsification and femtosecond laser-assisted surgery with toric intraocular lenses","volume":"10","author":"Espaillat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R92-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20200120-01","article-title":"Effect of capsular tension ring implantation on postoperative rotational stability of a toric intraocular lens","volume":"36","author":"Vokrojov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"R93-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.182939","article-title":"Visual outcomes and optical quality after implantation of a diffractive multifocal toric intraocular lens","volume":"64","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R94-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.04.041","article-title":"Simple method for accurate alignment in toric phakic and aphakic intraocular lens implantation","volume":"34","author":"Ma","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R95-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.08.049","article-title":"Rotational stability and posterior capsule opacification of a plate-haptic and an open-loop-haptic intraocular lens","volume":"37","author":"Prinz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R96-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.04.036","article-title":"Residual astigmatism produced by toric intraocular lens rotation","volume":"37","author":"Felipe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R97-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.02.007","article-title":"Toric intraocular lens rotation to optimize refractive outcome despite appropriate intraoperative positioning","volume":"41","author":"Lockwood","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R98-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.09.029","article-title":"Simple technique to measure toric intraocular lens alignment and stability using a smartphone","volume":"40","author":"Teichman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R99-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2009.02.035","article-title":"Repositioning technique and rate for toric intraocular lenses","volume":"35","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R100-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20130826-01","article-title":"Resolving refractive error after cataract surgery:IOL exchange, piggyback lens, or LASIK","volume":"29","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Buenaga","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"}],"container-title":["Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tjo.tjo_43_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:48:00Z","timestamp":1787755680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tjo.tjo_43_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/tjo.tjo_43_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-5056","2211-5072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-5056","type":"print"},{"value":"2211-5072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-08","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-07","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}