{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:13:42Z","timestamp":1792073622427,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Taiwan J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_61_18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T07:33:47Z","timestamp":1543822427000},"page":"205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity: An update"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Parveen","family":"Sen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smriti","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramod","family":"Bhende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-1","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Extreme prematurity and fibroblastic overgrowth of persistent vascular sheath behind each crystalline lens","author":"Terry","year":"1942","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-2","first-page":"48","volume-title":"Intensive oxygen therapy as a possible cause of retrolental fibroplasia; a clinical approach","author":"Campbell","year":"1951","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-3","first-page":"1129","volume-title":"Visual impairment in children in middle- and lower-income countries","author":"Courtright","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-4","first-page":"227","volume-title":"Childhood blindness in the context of VISION 2020 \u2013 the right to sight","author":"Gilbert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-5","first-page":"1130","volume-title":"The Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity","author":"An","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-6","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: A global perspective of the epidemics, population of babies at risk and implications for control","author":"Gilbert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-7","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Preterm-associated visual impairment and estimates of retinopathy of prematurity at regional and global levels for 2010","author":"Blencowe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-8","first-page":"853","volume-title":"Epidemiology of blindness in children","author":"Solebo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-9","first-page":"S89","volume-title":"Update on blindness due to retinopathy of prematurity globally and in India","author":"Blencowe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-10","first-page":"72","volume-title":"Demographic profile of infants with stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity in North India: Implications for screening","author":"Sanghi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-11","first-page":"929","volume-title":"Causes of childhood blindness in the people's republic of china: Results from 1131 blind school students in 18 provinces","author":"Hornby","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-12","first-page":"217","volume-title":"The trend of retinopathy of prematurity in Malaysia from 1992 to 2001 based on a nationwide blind schools study","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-13","first-page":"445","volume-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity in Southern Taiwan: A 10-year tertiary medical center study","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-14","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Risk factors in retinopathy of prematurity.A multivariate statistical analysis","author":"Seiberth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-15","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity and risk factors: A prospective cohort study","author":"Karna","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-16","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Infection, oxygen, and immaturity: Interacting risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-17","first-page":"449","volume-title":"Risk factors in the development of mild and severe retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Akkoyun","year":"2006","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-18","first-page":"e1483","volume-title":"High or low oxygen saturation and severe retinopathy of prematurity: A meta-analysis","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-19","first-page":"295","volume-title":"I: Primary outcomes","author":"Supplemental","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-20","first-page":"397","volume-title":"\u201c Oxygen with love\u201d and diode laser treatment decreases comorbidity and avoidable blindness due to retinopathy of prematurity: Results achieved in the past 12 years","author":"Garcia-Serrano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hittner HA. Retinal development and the pathophysiology of retinopathy of prematurity. In: Pollin RA, Fox WW, Abman SH, editors. Fetal and Neonatal Physiology. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011. p. 1875-81.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-3479-7.10170-3"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-22","first-page":"1217","volume-title":"Vascularization of the human fetal retina: Roles of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis","author":"Hughes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-23","first-page":"96","volume-title":"Studies on the pathogenesis of avascular retina and neovascularization into the vitreous in peripheral severe retinopathy of prematurity (an American Ophthalmological Society Thesis)","author":"Hartnett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-24","first-page":"469","volume-title":"Pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Neonatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-25","first-page":"284","volume-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: Pathogenesis and current treatment options","author":"Quimson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neonatal Netw"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-26","first-page":"1467","volume-title":"The clinical role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Kwinta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-27","first-page":"260","volume-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity.Pathologic correlation of clinical stages","author":"Foos","year":"1987","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-28","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Ultrastructural characteristics of proliferative tissue in retinopathy of prematurity","author":"de","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-29","first-page":"1000","volume-title":"Description and pathogenesis of late stages of retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Machemer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-30","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: Approaches to surgical therapy","author":"Machemer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-31","first-page":"332","volume-title":"Evaluation of eyes with stage-5 retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Clarkson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-32","first-page":"148","volume-title":"Visual evoked potentials for prediction of neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants","author":"Ekert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-33","first-page":"1640","volume-title":"Stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity.Prognostic value of morphologic findings","author":"Jabbour","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-34","first-page":"1303","volume-title":"Minimally fibrotic stage 5 ROP: A clinical prognostic factor in eyes undergoing vitrectomy for stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Gadkari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-35","first-page":"1099","volume-title":"Evaluation of eyes with advanced stages of retinopathy of prematurity using standardized echography","author":"Pulido","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-36","first-page":"1035","volume-title":"Ultrasonography findings in eyes with stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Muslubas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-37","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Surgery for stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity: The learning curve and evolving technique","author":"Gopal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0301-4738","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-38","first-page":"39","volume-title":", Morales M, Moraes NS, et al. Ultrasonographic findings in eyes with retinal detachments secondary to retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Maidana","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-39","first-page":"381","volume-title":"An ultrasonographic study of stage-5 retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Tamburrelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-40","first-page":"884","volume-title":", Shields S, Machemer R.The role of ultrasound in the management of retinopathy of prematurity","author":"de","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-41","first-page":"394","volume-title":"Results of vitrectomy for rare proliferative and hemorrhagic diseases","author":"Treister","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-42","first-page":"817","volume-title":"Scleral buckling in stages 4B and 5 retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Greven","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-43","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Scleral buckling for retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Trese","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-44","first-page":"345","volume-title":"Vision in stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity after retinal reattachment by open-sky vitrectomy","author":"Hirose","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-45","first-page":"449","volume-title":"Open sky vitrectomy for total retinal detachment in retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Tasman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-46","unstructured":"Trese MT, Capone A. Surgical approaches to infant and childhood retinal diseases: Invasive methods. In: Hartnett ME, Trese M, Capone A, editors. Pediatric Retina. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 2005. p. 359-64."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-47","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Morphometric analysis of pars plana development in humans","author":"Hairston","year":"1997","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-48","first-page":"176","volume-title":"Anatomical and visual outcome of stages 4 and 5 retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-49","first-page":"1814","volume-title":", Humayun MS, Chang TS, Pieramici DJ, Barnes A, et al. Initial experience using the transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system for vitreoretinal surgery","author":"Fujii","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzales CR, Boshra J, Schwartz SD 25-gauge pars plicata vitrectomy for stage 4 and 5 retinopathy of prematurity. Retina 2006;26:S42-6.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iae.0000244288.63757.be"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-51","first-page":"305","volume-title":"Long-term results of lens-sparing vitrectomy for stages 4B and 5 retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kay CN, Quiram PH, Mahajan VB 23-gauge pediatric vitrectomy using limbus-based trocar-cannulas. Retina 2012;32:1023-7.","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182533d85"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-53","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Periphery to centre dissection for stage V retinopathy of prematurity aided by temporary iris retractors \u2013 A pilot study","author":"Gopal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hong Kong J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-54","first-page":"322","volume-title":"Features associated with surgical outcome in patients with stages 4 and 5 retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Hartnett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-55","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Lens-sparing vitrectomy for stage 4 and stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-56","first-page":"199","volume-title":"Long-term visual results of children after initially successful vitrectomy for stage V retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Seaber","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-57","first-page":"730","volume-title":"Long-term functional results following vitrectomy for advanced retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Karacorlu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-58","first-page":"671","volume-title":"Glaucoma after lens-sparing vitrectomy for advanced retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Nudleman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-59","first-page":"661","volume-title":"Late recurrence of retinal detachment following successful vitreous surgery for stages 4B and 5 retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Kondo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-60","first-page":"724","volume-title":"Anatomical success rate after primary three-port lens-sparing vitrectomy in stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Lakhanpal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-61","first-page":"729","volume-title":"Anatomical and visual results of vitreoretinal surgery for stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Cusick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-62","first-page":"308","volume-title":"Long-term follow up of visual acuity in eyes with stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity after closed vitrectomy","author":"Fuchino","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-63","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Surgical management for stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Choi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-64","first-page":"S32","volume-title":"Vitrectomy after intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for retinal detachment in retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Kychenthal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-65","first-page":"S75","volume-title":"Plasmin enzyme-assisted vitrectomy for primary and reoperated eyes with stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-66","first-page":"574","volume-title":"Visual results and prognostic factors for vision following surgery for stage V retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Trese","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-67","first-page":"454","volume-title":"Long-term form identification vision after early, closed, lensectomy-vitrectomy for stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Mintz-Hittner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-68","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Effect of plasmin on laminin and fibronectin during plasmin-assisted vitrectomy","author":"Uemura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-69","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Autologous plasmin-assisted vitrectomy for stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity: A preliminary trial","author":"Tsukahara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-70","first-page":"736","volume-title":"Lensectomy and vitrectomy with and without intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for vascularly active stage 5 retinal detachments in retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Lakhanpal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-71","first-page":"2572","volume-title":"Genetic screening of wnt signaling factors in advanced retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Hiraoka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-72","first-page":"476","volume-title":"Genetic variants of FZD4 and LRP5 genes in patients with advanced retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Kondo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2211-5056.246807-73","first-page":"1868","volume-title":"Abnormal complement activation and inflammation in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Rathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T18:35:44Z","timestamp":1786732544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tjo.tjo_61_18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"alternative-id":["246807"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/tjo.tjo_61_18","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-5056"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-5056","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}