{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:46:08Z","timestamp":1790304368764,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PURPOSE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exophthalmometry value has great clinical significance in the presence of many orbital diseases which can cause proptosis, including thyroid-associated orbitopathy, tumors, inflammation, head and orbital trauma, and craniofacial abnormalities. Measurements of exophthalmometry and ocular biometry vary between races and countries. This study aimed to present the normative values of exophthalmometry in adult Malays of Kelantan and the relationship between ocular biometry (axial length, corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth, and white-to-white) with the obtained exophthalmometry values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study in the Ophthalmology Clinic of Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, where 267 individuals above 20 years old participated between August 2018 and May 2020. Participants were examined with Hertel exophthalmometer and intraocular lens Master by the same investigator. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package of the Social Science software (version 24.0). Multiple linear regression was used to assess any significant correlation between exophthalmometric value and each biometric variable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the data collected, the mean exophthalmometric value for the right eye was 13.93 \u00b1 2.221 mm and the left eye was 13.93 \u00b1 2.232 mm. Overall, male had a higher exophthalmometric value than the female with a statistically significant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001. Axial length was uniquely significant for the amount of variance in the exophthalmometric value with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001, while corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth, and white-to-white showed no statistical significance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study had established the normal exophthalmometric value for Malay adults in Kelantan for future clinical reference. The axial length had shown to have a significant positive correlation with exophthalmometric values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_88_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T01:11:11Z","timestamp":1646874671000},"page":"44-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The study of relationship between ocular biometry and exophthalmometry in adult Malay population of Kelantan, Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ui Lyn","family":"Loh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fazilawati A.","family":"Qamarruddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adil","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8526","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08526","article-title":"Normal values of Hertel exophthalmometry in a Chinese Han population from Shenyang, Northeast China","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R2-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0905750","article-title":"Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy","volume":"362","author":"Bahn","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R3-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305649","article-title":"Thyroid eye disease: A Southeast Asian experience","volume":"99","author":"Lim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2008.0044","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical features of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in multiethnic Malaysian patients with Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"18","author":"Lim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"R5-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1159\/000050850","article-title":"Normal range of exophthalmos values on orbit computerized tomography in Koreans","volume":"215","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"R6-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000437","article-title":"Axial globe position measurement: A prospective multi-center study by the international thyroid eye disease society","volume":"32","author":"Bingham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R8-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210801800201","article-title":"Exophthalmometry values of Turkish adult population and the effect of age, sex, refractive status, and Hertel base values on Hertel readings","volume":"18","author":"Beden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-8-20240830","first-page":"47","article-title":"Normal exophthalmometry","volume":"25","author":"Nath","year":"1977","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1076\/orbi.20.1.1.2647","article-title":"Exophthalmometric values in a normal Indian population","volume":"20","author":"Kumari Sodhi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"R11-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2009.02087.x","article-title":"Exophthalmometric values and their biometric correlates: The Kandy Eye Study","volume":"37","author":"Chan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101509010113","article-title":"The effect of age, gender, refractive status and axial length on the measurements of hertel exophthalmometry","volume":"9","author":"Karti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Ophthalmol J"},{"key":"R13-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0221-5","article-title":"Distribution of axial length, anterior chamber depth, and corneal curvature in an aged population in South China","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R14-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1054390","article-title":"Side differences in the position of the corneal apex in relation to the lateral orbital margin (measurements with the Hertel exophthalmometer)","volume":"187","author":"Lang","year":"1985","journal-title":"Klin Monatsbl\u00e4tterf\u00fcr Augenheilkd"},{"key":"R15-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181890dc7","article-title":"Normal values of hertel exophthalmometry in children, teenagers, and adults from Tehran, Iran","volume":"85","author":"Kashkouli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R16-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17993","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017993","article-title":"Exophthalmometry values in the Hong Kong Chinese adult population from a population-based study","volume":"98","author":"Cheung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore"},{"key":"R17-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1159\/000076885","article-title":"Exophthalmos in obesity","volume":"36","author":"Smolders","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"R18-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1980.00330200106028","article-title":"Racial differences in normal values of proptosis","volume":"140","author":"de","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R19-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(84)90127-2","article-title":"Determination of the normal range of exophthalmometric values for black and white adults","volume":"98","author":"Migliori","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701925","article-title":"Exophthalmos of patients with Graves\u2019 disease in Chinese of Taiwan","volume":"20","author":"Tsai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eye (Lond"},{"key":"R21-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.0279","article-title":"Exophthalmometric values in a normal Turkish population living in the Northeastern part of Turkey","volume":"17","author":"Bilen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"R22-8-20240830","first-page":"662","article-title":"Exophthalmometry measurements in Asians","volume":"44","author":"Erb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R23-8-20240830","first-page":"10","article-title":"Exophthalmometric values of Korean using Hertel and Naugle exophthalmometers","volume":"44","author":"Kook","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Korean Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"R24-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S111915","article-title":"Correlation between Hertel exophthalmometric value and refraction in young Cameroonian adults aged 20 to 40 years","volume":"10","author":"Dohvoma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R26-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.4103\/2384-5589.144569","article-title":"Exophthalmometric value and palpebral fissure dimension in an African population","volume":"13","author":"Ibraheem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Afr J Med Health Sci"},{"key":"R28-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12107","article-title":"Juvenile eye growth, when completed. An evaluation based on IOL-Master axial length data, cross-sectional and longitudinal?","volume":"92","author":"Fledelius","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R29-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199202000-00009","article-title":"Normal values of eye position in the Chinese population of Hong Kong","volume":"69","author":"Quant","year":"1992","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R30-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3553","article-title":"Distribution and determinants of ocular biometric parameters in an Asian population: The Singapore Malay eye study","volume":"51","author":"Lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R31-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2015.09.001","article-title":"White-to-white corneal diameter distribution in an adult population","volume":"27","author":"Hashemi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R32-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1159\/000308676","article-title":"Ultrasonographic study of 100 emmetropic eyes","volume":"175","author":"Francois","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"R33-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.10.015","article-title":"Variability of axial length, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness in the cataractous eye","volume":"34","author":"Jivrajka","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R34-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.02.025","article-title":"Analysis of biometry and prevalence data for corneal astigmatism in 23,239 eyes","volume":"36","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"R35-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.167296","article-title":"Comparisons of anterior segment biometry between Chinese and Caucasians using anterior segment optical coherence tomography","volume":"94","author":"Leung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R36-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1159\/000252982","article-title":"Relation between axial length and ocular parameters","volume":"224","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"R37-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2010.10.006","article-title":"Correlations between refractive error and biometric parameters in human eyes using the LenStar 900","volume":"34","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"R38-8-20240830","first-page":"73","article-title":"Variations in ocular biometry in an adult Chinese population in Singapore: The Tanjong Pagar Survey","volume":"42","author":"Wong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R39-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199502000-00004","article-title":"Mechanisms of emmetropization in the aging eye","volume":"72","author":"Ooi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R40-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S11661","article-title":"Age-related changes of ocular parameters in Korean subjects","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R41-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2008.521","article-title":"Age, stature, and education correlations with ocular dimensions in an older white population","volume":"127","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R42-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181a9d0a9","article-title":"White-to-white corneal diameter in the Tehran Eye Study","volume":"29","author":"Hashemi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cornea"}],"container-title":["Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tjo.tjo_88_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:07:50Z","timestamp":1787166470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tjo.tjo_88_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/tjo.tjo_88_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-5056"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-5056","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}}}