{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:23:25Z","timestamp":1787840605211,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Patients having human immunodeficiency virus infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV\/AIDS) are prone to suffer from diarrhea due to parasitic infestations which are more common in developing countries.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cryptosporidium, Cystoisospora,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Microsporidia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species are among the important diarrhea causing protozoan parasites responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. Although HIV-2 infection is uncommon in India, it is reported infrequently from the various regions of India. Although infections due to these protozoan parasites are common in HIV\/AIDS patients, mixed infection is rarely reported. Here, we report the case of concurrent\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cystoisospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection with probable HIV-1 and HIV-2 co-infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/tp.tp_15_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T19:00:14Z","timestamp":1761418814000},"page":"128-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Concurrent Cryptosporidium and Cystoisospora infection in a patient with HIV infection"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jitu Mani","family":"Kalita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parvathi","family":"Ravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibhor","family":"Tak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravisekhar","family":"Gadepalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavita","family":"Yedale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijaya Lakshmi","family":"Nag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000305","article-title":"HIV and diarrhoea: What is new?","volume":"29","author":"Logan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R2-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1554-x","article-title":"Cryptosporidium and other intestinal parasitic infections among HIV patients in Southern Ethiopia: Significance of improved HIV-related care","volume":"9","author":"Shimelis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit 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India","volume":"57","author":"Gautam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"R15-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019000957","article-title":"Cystoisospora belli infections in humans: The past 100 years","volume":"146","author":"Dubey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"R16-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.116872","article-title":"HIV-2 infection: Where are we today?","volume":"5","author":"Ingole","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Glob Infect Dis"},{"key":"R17-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2005.21.791","article-title":"Distinct profile of T cell activation in HIV type 2 compared to HIV type 1 infection: Differential mechanism for immunoprotection","volume":"21","author":"Hanson","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum 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