{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:22:21Z","timestamp":1787775741650,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) detecting rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have played an important role in enabling prompt malaria diagnosis in remote locations. HRP2 has advantages over other biomarkers because of its abundance in the bloodstream, repetitive binding epitopes, and falciparum-specificity. Most HRP2-based RDTs also exhibit some cross-reactivity to a closely related protein (HRP3)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">. Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      parasites lacking HRP2 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pfhrp2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and 3 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pfhrp3<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) genes escape detection by these RDTs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of the study was to study the sensitivity and specificity of hrp2-based RDT for diagnosis of falciparum, to compare the RDT results with microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to determine the prevalence of HRP2 gene deletion among the RDT-negative, microscopy-positive falciparum strains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood samples were collected and diagnosis was done by microscopic examination, RDTs, and PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of 1000 patients examined, 138 were positive for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Fever was the most common symptom followed by chills with rigor and headache were recorded among more than &gt;95% of the study patients. Three microscopy-confirmed\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      cases were negative by HRP2-based RDT and were found to have deletion of HRP2 and HRP3 exon 2.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Rapid and accurate diagnosis and prompt deployment of effective antimalarial medication are essential components of appropriate case management.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains that evade diagnosis by RDTs represent a major threat to malaria control and elimination efforts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/tp.tp_19_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T08:43:15Z","timestamp":1725871395000},"page":"16-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of histidine-rich protein 2 deletion among the Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Kolkata"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Alisha","family":"Acharya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pabitra","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, P. R. Thakur Government College, Thakurnagar, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Chaudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences and Sri Padmavathi Medical College (Women), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhasish Kamal","family":"Guha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ardhendu Kumar","family":"Maji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240909","first-page":"152","article-title":"World Malaria Report","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annex 2 \u2013D. South-East Asia Region:World Health Organization"},{"key":"R2-20240909","first-page":"537","article-title":"Malaria situation in India with special reference to tribal areas","volume":"141","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R4-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.103.4.1269","article-title":"Secretion of a malarial histidine-rich protein (Pf HRP II) from Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes","volume":"103","author":"Howard","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"R5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02557-05","article-title":"Effect of sequence variation in Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 2 on binding of specific monoclonal antibodies:Implications for rapid diagnostic tests for malaria","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R7-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-283","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking histidine-rich protein 2 and 3:A review and recommendations for accurate reporting","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R8-20240909","first-page":"e8091","article-title":"A large proportion of P. Falciparum isolates in the amazon region of Peru lack pfhrp2 and pfhrp3:Implications for malaria rapid diagnostic tests. PLoS One","volume":"5","author":"Gamboa","year":"2010"},{"key":"R9-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-34","article-title":"Pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Dakar, Senegal:Impact on rapid malaria diagnostic tests","volume":"12","author":"Wurtz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R10-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.09.015","article-title":"Genetic deletion of HRP2 and HRP3 in Indian Plasmodium falciparum population and false negative malaria rapid diagnostic test","volume":"125","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"R11-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-219","article-title":"Country-wide assessment of the genetic polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax antigens detected with rapid diagnostic tests for malaria","volume":"7","author":"Mariette","year":"2008","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R12-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-34","article-title":"Analysis of pfhrp2 genetic diversity in Senegal and implications for use of rapid diagnostic tests","volume":"13","author":"Deme","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R13-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803125002977","article-title":"Use of a rapid, single-round, multiplex PCR to detect malarial parasites and identify the species present","volume":"97","author":"Padley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"R14-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1086\/432010","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) and its effect on the performance of PfHRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests","volume":"192","author":"Baker","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R15-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-126","article-title":"The usefulness of a new rapid diagnostic test, the first response malaria combo (pLDH\/HRP2) card test, for malaria diagnosis in the forested belt of central India","volume":"7","author":"Bharti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R17-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-129","article-title":"Global sequence variation in the histidine-rich proteins 2 and 3 of Plasmodium falciparum:Implications for the performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests","volume":"9","author":"Baker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R18-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-014-0537-7","article-title":"Prevalence of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions in Puerto Lempira, Honduras","volume":"14","author":"Abdallah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R19-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58080","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058080","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of bivalent malaria rapid diagnostic tests versus traditional methods in field with special reference to heat stability testing in Central India","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R20-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0126805","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126805","article-title":"Variation in Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (Pfhrp2) and Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 3 (Pfhrp3) gene deletions in Guyana and Suriname","volume":"10","author":"Akinyi Okoth","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R21-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43094","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043094","article-title":"Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria diagnosis in the Peruvian amazon:Impact of pfhrp2 gene deletions and cross-reactions","volume":"7","author":"Maltha","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R22-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.08.003","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 in the China-Myanmar border area","volume":"152","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"R23-20240909","first-page":"36","article-title":"Pfhrp2-deleted Plasmodium falciparum parasites in the democratic republic of the Congo:A national cross-sectional survey","volume":"216","author":"Parr","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R24-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2403.171723","article-title":"Major threat to malaria control programs by Plasmodium falciparum lacking histidine-rich protein 2, Eritrea","volume":"24","author":"Berhane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R25-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0171150","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171150","article-title":"Histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) and pfhrp3 gene deletions in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from select sites in Brazil and Bolivia","volume":"12","author":"Rachid Viana","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R26-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03739-6","article-title":"HRP2 and HRP3 cross-reactivity and implications for HRP2-based RDT use in regions with Plasmodium falciparum hrp2 gene deletions","volume":"20","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R27-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03629-x","article-title":"Detection of high prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2\/3 gene deletions in Assosa zone, Ethiopia:Implication for malaria diagnosis","volume":"20","author":"Alemayehu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malar J"}],"container-title":["Tropical Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tp.tp_19_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:41:08Z","timestamp":1787773268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tp.tp_19_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/tp.tp_19_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2229-5070","2229-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2229-5070","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-31","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-20","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}