{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:22:17Z","timestamp":1787775737192,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Immunocompromised patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are prone to multiple infections, of which parasitic infections are an important cause. Parasitic protozoal infections - both by common and rare protozoa are documented in such patients. Here, we report a rare and interesting case of five protozoal infections affecting a single HIV-infected person at the same time of initial presentation. A 64-years-male came to us with complaints of chronic diarrhea for 6 months. He was investigated and found to be positive for HIV I. His stool examination revealed cysts of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Entameba histolytica<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Giardia lamblia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and oocysts of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    species and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cystoisospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. His toxoplasma IgG was also positive in high titer. The patient was medically diagnosed and was treated with medications as clinically prescribed - antiretroviral therapy was initiated and he was discharged in due course. A total of five protozoal infections were documented affecting a single person - newly diagnosed immunocompromised male, which by sheer qualitative count of patient case histories, indeed is a rare case reported in the medical literature.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/tp.tp_31_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T08:39:55Z","timestamp":1725871195000},"page":"121-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multiple protozoal infections in a single immunocompromised patient: A case report"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rupak","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanusree","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gautam","family":"Barik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Calcutta Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhoroop","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Netai","family":"Pramanik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ardhendu","family":"Maji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Protozoology Unit, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tapashi","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Helminthology Unit, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.92633","article-title":"Parasitic infections in HIV infected individuals:Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges","volume":"134","author":"Nissapatorn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R2-20240909","first-page":"1S","article-title":"Revision of the CDC surveillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 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And Cystoisospora rastegaievae (Protozoa:Eimeriidae) in amur hedgehogs, Erinaceus amurensis (Schrenk, 1859)","volume":"120","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"R17-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118201900012X","article-title":"Endogenous development of Cystoisospora belli in intestinal and biliary epithelium of humans","volume":"146","author":"Dubey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"R18-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06846-6","article-title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of Cystoisospora laidlaw oocysts (Apicomplexa:Eimeriidae) in farmed American mink (Neovison vison) in Denmark","volume":"119","author":"Petersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"R19-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1645\/12-33.1","article-title":"Differences in the detection of Cryptosporidium and Isospora (Cystoisospora) oocysts according to the fecal concentration or staining method used in a clinical laboratory","volume":"99","author":"Pacheco","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Parasitol"}],"container-title":["Tropical Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tp.tp_31_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:40:45Z","timestamp":1787773245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tp.tp_31_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/tp.tp_31_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["2229-5070","2229-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2229-5070","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-22","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}