{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:18:43Z","timestamp":1787771923725,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"\n Context:<\/jats:title>\n Resistance to antimalarial drugs is one of the major challenges for malaria elimination. In India, artemisinin combination therapy (artesunate-sulfadoxin pyrimethamine) was introduced in place of chloroquine (CQ) for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in 2010. Periodical monitoring of polymorphisms in antimalarial drug resistance marker genes will be useful for assessing drug pressure, mapping and monitoring of drug resistance status; and will be helpful for searching alternative treatments.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n \n This study was conducted to study the polymorphisms in antimalarial drug resistance marker genes among clinical\n Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n isolates collected from Kolkata after 10 years of artemisinin-based combination therapie (ACT) implementation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Blood samples were collected from\n P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n mono-infected patients and polymorphisms in\n P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n CQ resistance transporter\n (pfcrt)<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n multidrug resistance\n (pfmdr-1)<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n dihydrofolate reductase\n (pfdhfr)<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n dihydropteroate synthetase\n (pfdhps)<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n pfATPase6<\/jats:italic>\n and\n pfK-13<\/jats:italic>\n propeller genes were analysed by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n In\n pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n gene, C72S, and K76T mutation was recorded in 100% isolates and no mutations was detected in any of the targeted codons of\n pfmdr-1<\/jats:italic>\n gene. A double mutant\n pfcrt<\/jats:italic>\n haplotype SVMNT and wildtype haplotype NYD in\n pfmdr-1<\/jats:italic>\n were prevalent in 100% of study isolates. Triple mutant\n pfdhfr-pfdhps<\/jats:italic>\n haplotype ANRNI-SGKAA was recorded. No polymorphism in\n pfK13<\/jats:italic>\n gene was documented in any of the isolates.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n Observed wild codon N86 along with Y184 and D1246 of\n pfmdr-1<\/jats:italic>\n gene might be an indication of the reappearance of CQ sensitivity. The absence of quadruple and quintuple haplotypes in\n pfdhfr-pfdhps<\/jats:italic>\n gene along with the wild haplotype of pfK13 is evidence of ACT effectivity. Hence, similar studies with large sample size are highly suggested for monitoring the drug resistance status of\n P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/tp.tp_43_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T07:01:15Z","timestamp":1708326075000},"page":"23-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of polymorphisms in marker genes associated with antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum following 10 years of artemisinin-based combination therapy implementation in urban Kolkata"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Alisha","family":"Acharya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arindam","family":"Naskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Chaudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences and Sri Padmavathi Medical College (Women), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashif Ali","family":"Sardar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwesha","family":"Samanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhasish Kamal","family":"Guha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ardhendu Kumar","family":"Maji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilip Kumar","family":"Bera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pabitra","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"},{"name":"Department of Zoology, P. 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Thakur Government College, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0787-z","article-title":"Malaria Policy Advisory Committee to the WHO: Conclusions and recommendations of seventh biannual meeting (March 2015)","volume":"14","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R3-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0379","article-title":"Origin and spread of evolving artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malarial parasites in Southeast Asia","volume":"101","author":"Hassett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R4-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(65)90395-8","article-title":"Chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in 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