{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:43:38Z","timestamp":1786653818409,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic, immune-mediated enteropathy of the small intestine and may be associated with parasitic infections. This study investigated the prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites in patients with CD and evaluated genetic variation using phylogenetic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n We screened stool samples from patients with CD for\n Entamoeba histolytica<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Entamoeba moshkovskii<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Dientamoeba fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Blastocystis hominis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Giardia intestinalis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Cystoisospora belli<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Cyclospora cayetanensis<\/jats:italic>\n using microscopy, serology, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and DNA sequencing. We performed phylogenetic analyses in Geneious (v9.1.3) and conducted statistical analyses in IBM SPSS Statistics (v20).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Among 74 patients, positivity for\n D. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n B. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n was significantly associated with CD (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.005). Positivity rates for these parasites differed by sex and were higher in female patients. Sequence analysis identified three subtypes. Our isolates showed high similarity to previously reported isolates (mean pairwise identity \u2248 99%) but also contained nucleotide-level variation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Intestinal protozoan parasites may contribute to CD through immune-mediated mechanisms, and the altered intestinal environment in CD may also increase susceptibility to colonization. These findings support a possible association between CD and selected intestinal protozoan parasites.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/tp.tp_61_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T19:00:50Z","timestamp":1778007650000},"page":"47-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intestinal protozoa in celiac disease: Detection and phylogenetic characterization"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Merve","family":"Y\u00fcr\u00fck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emrah","family":"Erdo\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eda","family":"Sivcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32834c453e","article-title":"Gastrointestinal infection as a trigger for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"28","author":"Mann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R2-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32832a8a5d","article-title":"Commensal bacteria, traditional and opportunistic pathogens, dysbiosis and bacterial killing in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"22","author":"Packey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R3-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/62452","article-title":"Diagnostic challenges in celiac disease","volume":"26","author":"Kowalski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"R4-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.12.026","article-title":"Celiac disease","volume":"154","author":"Murray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R5-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31796-8","article-title":"Coeliac disease","volume":"391","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R6-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S393","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-201210001-00964","article-title":"Association of celiac disease and salivary antibodies to intestinal parasites","volume":"107","author":"William","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R7-20260506","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-7-47","article-title":"A novel nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for differential detection of Entamoeba histolytica, E. 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