{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:49:47Z","timestamp":1790596187534,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The emergence of widespread resistance of Plasmodium species to most antimalarial drugs has led to a more vigorous and concerted research on traditional medicinal plants for the treatment of malaria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective of Study:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study was aimed to investigate the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      antiplasmodial activity of crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus amarus against clinical isolates of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Northwestern Nigeria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The plant was extracted using two solvents, water and ethanol, where a high yield was obtained from the aqueous extracts (11.9%) as compared to the ethanolic extract (9.64%). The extracts were evaluated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 \u03bcg\/ml, and the level of potency in each case was expressed as the concentration of the extract that exhibited a 50% reduction of the parasites relative to control (100%) parasitemia. Artemether-lumefantrine was used as a positive standard in the assay.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All extracts showed a significant reduction in parasite growth relative to control (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.05). Ethanolic extract exhibited a higher antiplasmodial activity of 76.8%, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) of 5.80 \u03bcg\/ml, and aqueous extract had an activity of 75.3%, IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      of 7.94 \u03bcg\/ml. Both extracts exhibited very active antiplasmodial activity. Oral acute toxicity test in the doses of 500, 1000, and 1500 mg\/kg showed no sign of toxicity on albino mice after 48 h.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although there was an increase in appetite after 24 and 48 h, the findings from this study show that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. amarus<\/jats:italic>\n                      possesses a promising antimalarial activity which can be exploited for malaria therapy and justifies the traditional use of the plant in malaria treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/tp.tp_78_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T03:34:39Z","timestamp":1620876879000},"page":"31-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus amarus against Plasmodium falciparum and evaluation of its acute toxicity effect in mouse model"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Karimatu","family":"Aliyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idris Nasir","family":"Abdullahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amina Abdullahi","family":"Umar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mujahid Nura","family":"Sani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Auwal Idris","family":"Kabuga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Al-Mukhtar Yahuza","family":"Adamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azeez Oyebanji","family":"Akande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3669-8","article-title":"In vitro antiplasmodial activity of some medicinal plants of burkina faso","volume":"113","author":"Ouattara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"R4-7-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2615-8","article-title":"In vitro antiplasmodial activity, pharmacokinetic profiles and interference in isoprenoid pathway of 2-aniline-3-hydroxy-1.4-naphthoquinone derivatives","volume":"17","author":"De Sena Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malaria J"},{"key":"R5-7-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.09.002","article-title":"Medicinal plants for in vitro antiplasmodial activities: A systematic review of literature","volume":"66","author":"Lemma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"R6-7-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.304","article-title":"In vitro antimalarial activity of extracts of three plants used in the traditional medicine in India","volume":"65","author":"Praveen-Bhaat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R7-7-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-2151-0","article-title":"Antiplasmodial activity of botanical extracts against Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"108","author":"Bagavan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"R8-7-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-3026-1","article-title":"Antiplasmodial natural products: An update","volume":"18","author":"Tajuddeen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R9-7-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2011.40.45","article-title":"An overview: Pharmacognostic properties of Phyllanthus amarus linn","volume":"7","author":"Joseph","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R10-7-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(11)60087-4","article-title":"The antiplasmodial effect of the extracts and formulated capsules of Phyllanthus amarus on Plasmodium yoelii infection in mice","volume":"4","author":"Ajala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"R11-7-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.58.12.0001","article-title":"Phytochemicals from ' linn. 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