{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:30:35Z","timestamp":1791772235155,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"\n Context:<\/jats:title>\n \n Cyclosporiasis is an emerging enteric coccidian parasitic disease worldwide, caused by the parasite\n Cyclospora cayetanensis<\/jats:italic>\n . There is scanty data from India, especially among immunocompetent patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims:<\/jats:title>\n \n The aim is to evaluate the occurrence of\n Cyclosporiasis<\/jats:italic>\n in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n It is a prospective cohort study conducted from June 2006 to May 2018 at our tertiary care center.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Stool samples were collected from the 900 patients with diarrhea (both immunocompetent and immunocompromised) and 170 healthy controls to look for\n Cyclospora<\/jats:italic>\n by modified Kinyoun staining.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n Mann\u2013Whitney U test\/Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Oocysts of\n C. cayetanensis<\/jats:italic>\n were detected in 10\/900 patients and none of the healthy controls. The median age of patients was 38.5 years (10-65 years) and males (6\/10) outnumbered the females in harboring the parasite. Eight patients were immunocompromised (five postrenal transplant cases and one-one patient each with HIV, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and juvenile polyarthritis), and two patients were immunocompetent.\n Cyclospora<\/jats:italic>\n infection was more common in immunocompromised patients (8\/300, 2.67%) than the immunocompetent patients (2\/600, 0.33%);\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001. Eight patients responded well to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, one died, and one was lost to follow-up. Coinfection with\n Cryptosporidium spp<\/jats:italic>\n . was seen in one patient.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n Cyclospora<\/jats:italic>\n causes diarrhea in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons. Its burden may be underestimated due to a lack of awareness and appropriate diagnostic methods. Special staining techniques are important for diagnosis as they may be missed by routine microscopy.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/tp.tp_79_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T05:03:44Z","timestamp":1669266224000},"page":"94-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cyclosporiasis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients \u2013 A Twelve years experience from a tertiary care centre in Northern India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ujjala","family":"Ghoshal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tasneem","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Tejan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheetal","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uday C","family":"Ghoshal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00268-0","article-title":"Cyclospora cayetanensis: A review of an emerging parasitic coccidian","volume":"33","author":"Shields","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"R2-5-20240909","first-page":"404","article-title":"Cyclospora infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Deodhar","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"R3-5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.195041","article-title":"Molecular appraisal of intestinal parasitic infection in transplant recipients","volume":"144","author":"Yadav","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R4-5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.1722","article-title":"Cyclospora cayetanensis:First report of imported and autochthonous infections in Kuwait","volume":"5","author":"Iqbal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"R5-5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1086\/318514","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhea","volume":"32","author":"Guerrant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R6-5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.174114","article-title":"Identification of opportunistic enteric parasites among immunocompetent patients with diarrhoea from Northern India and genetic characterisation of cryptosporidium and microsporidia","volume":"34","author":"Ghoshal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R8-5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.158547","article-title":"Molecular characterization of clinical isolates of Cyclospora cayetanensis from patients with diarrhea in India","volume":"33","author":"Yadav","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R9-5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)01938-1","article-title":"Chronic diarrhoea in HIV patients: Prevalence of coccidian parasites","volume":"26","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R11-5-20240909","first-page":"382","article-title":"Prevalence of Cyclospora cayetanensis in HIV positive individuals in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"6","author":"Ashihabegum","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Diag Res"},{"key":"R12-5-20240909","first-page":"C01","article-title":"Spectrum of parasitic infections in patients with diarrhoea attending a tertiary care hospital in Western Rajasthan, India","volume":"11","author":"Saurabh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R13-5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-018-0614-3","article-title":"Cyclospora cayetanensis infections among diarrheal outpatients in Shanghai: A retrospective case study","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"R14-5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-243","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infections in children presenting with diarrhoea in outpatient and inpatient settings in an informal settlement of Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"13","author":"Mbae","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R15-5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46279-0","article-title":"Cyclospora infection in five immunocompetent patients in a Turkish university hospital","volume":"55","author":"Sancak","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R16-5-20240909","first-page":"39","article-title":"Important zoonotic intestinal protozoan parasites in Asia","volume":"21","author":"Mak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"key":"R17-5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019001471","article-title":"Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in humans: Biological characteristics, clinical features, epidemiology, detection method and treatment","volume":"147","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"R18-5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-8-36","article-title":"Correlation between CD4 counts of HIV patients and enteric protozoan in different seasons \u2013 An experience of a tertiary care hospital in Varanasi (India)","volume":"8","author":"Tuli","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R19-5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.21608\/jesp.2019.68083","article-title":"Cyclospora infection in renal transplant recipient","volume":"49","author":"Ismail","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"key":"R20-5-20240909","first-page":"613","article-title":"Co-infection with Cryptosporidium parvum and Cyclospora cayetanensis in immune compromised patients","volume":"36","author":"Helmy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"key":"R21-5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2149\/tmh.2015-25","article-title":"Cyclospora infection among school children in Kathmandu, Nepal: Prevalence and associated risk factors","volume":"43","author":"Bhandari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"}],"container-title":["Tropical Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tp.tp_79_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:16:48Z","timestamp":1787757408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tp.tp_79_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/tp.tp_79_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["2229-5070"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2229-5070","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}}}