{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:22:55Z","timestamp":1787775775697,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nonhuman primate (NHP) malaria poses a major threat to the malaria control programs. The last two decades have witnessed a paradigm shift in our understanding of the malaria caused by species other than the traditionally known human\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    species \u2013\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium malariae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium ovale<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The emergence of the malaria parasite of long-tailed macaque monkeys,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium knowlesi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , as the fifth malaria species of humans has made the scientific community consider the risk of other zoonotic malaria, such as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium cynomolgi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium simium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium inui<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and others, to humans. The development of knowledge about\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">knowlesi<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a pathogen which was earlier only known to experimentally cause malaria in humans and rarely cause natural infection, toward its acknowledgment as a significant cause of human malaria and a threat of malaria control programs has been made possible by the use of advanced molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing. This review explores the various aspects of NHP malaria, and the association of various factors with their emergence and potential to cause human malaria which are important to understand to be able to control these emerging infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/tp.tp_79_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T08:39:29Z","timestamp":1725871169000},"page":"73-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Primate malaria of human importance"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Mewara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Sreenivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumeeta","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-5","article-title":"History of the discovery of the malaria parasites and their vectors","volume":"3","author":"Cox","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"R5-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1086\/524889","article-title":"Plasmodium knowlesi:The fifth human malaria parasite","volume":"46","author":"White","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2009.0118","article-title":"Neurobiological substrates of Tourette's disorder","volume":"20","author":"Leckman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R7-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3901.662","article-title":"Observations on infection by Plasmodium knowlesi (ape malaria) in the treatment of general paralysis of the insane","volume":"2","author":"van Rooyen","year":"1935","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"R8-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1126\/science.149.3686.865.a","article-title":"A naturally acquited quotidian-type malaria in man transferable to monkeys","volume":"149","author":"Chin","year":"1965","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R9-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1970.19.383","article-title":"Cycles of jungle malaria in West Malaysia","volume":"19","author":"Warren","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R10-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-73","article-title":"Morphological features and differential counts of Plasmodium knowlesi parasites in naturally acquired human infections","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R11-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15836-4","article-title":"Alarge focus of naturally acquired Plasmodium knowlesi infections in human beings","volume":"363","author":"Singh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R12-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.77.1.72","article-title":"Erythrocyte entry by malarial parasites. A moving junction between erythrocyte and parasite","volume":"77","author":"Aikawa","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"R13-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1145213","article-title":"Erythrocyte receptors for (Plasmodium knowlesi) malaria:Duffy blood group determinants","volume":"189","author":"Miller","year":"1975","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R14-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016001335","article-title":"Non-human primate malaria parasites:Out of the forest and into the laboratory","volume":"145","author":"Martinelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"R15-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1086\/524888","article-title":"Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in humans is widely distributed and potentially life threatening","volume":"46","author":"Cox-Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R16-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz237","article-title":"Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in Sabah, Malaysia, 2015-2017:Ongoing increase in incidence despite near-elimination of the human-only Plasmodium species","volume":"70","author":"Cooper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R17-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.03.017","article-title":"Human infections with Plasmodium knowlesi--zoonotic malaria","volume":"21","author":"Millar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"R18-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed6020046","article-title":"The new zoonotic malaria:Plasmodium cynomolgi","volume":"6","author":"Bykersma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"R19-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e179","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(19)30045-2","article-title":"Environmental risk factors and exposure to the zoonotic malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi across Northern Sabah, Malaysia:A population-based cross-sectional survey","volume":"3","author":"Fornace","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"R20-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30031-1","article-title":"Individual-level factors associated with the risk of acquiring human Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in Malaysia:A case-control study","volume":"1","author":"Grigg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"R21-20240909","article-title":"Systematic review of Southeast Asian longtail macaques, Macaca fascicularis (Raffles, [1821])","volume":"81","author":"Fooden","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fieldiana Zool"},{"key":"R22-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1494-0","article-title":"Distribution and prevalence of malaria parasites among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in regional populations across Southeast Asia","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R23-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.2307\/3277844","article-title":"Studies on the transmission of simian malaria. IV. Further studies on the transmission of Plasmodium knowlesi by Anopheles balabacensis balabacensis mosquitoes","volume":"57","author":"Collins","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"R24-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.02.006","article-title":"Natural transmission of Plasmodium knowlesi to humans by Anopheles latens in Sarawak, Malaysia","volume":"100","author":"Vythilingam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R25-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-52","article-title":"Bionomics of Anopheles latens in Kapit, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo in relation to the transmission of zoonotic simian malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi","volume":"7","author":"Tan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R26-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1707.101551","article-title":"Co-infections of Plasmodium knowlesi, P. falciparum, and P. vivax among humans and Anopheles dirus mosquitoes, Southern Vietnam","volume":"17","author":"Marchand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R27-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-10","article-title":"Severe malaria \u2013A case of fatal Plasmodium knowlesi infection with post-mortem findings:A case report","volume":"9","author":"Cox-Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R28-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3283558780","article-title":"Zoonotic malaria:Plasmodium knowlesi, an emerging pathogen","volume":"25","author":"Cox-Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R29-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-33","article-title":"Cytoadherence and virulence \u2013The case of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria","volume":"11","author":"Fatih","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R30-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20541","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020541","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory cytokines predominate in acute human Plasmodium knowlesi infections","volume":"6","author":"Cox-Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R31-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1086\/605439","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory features of human Plasmodium knowlesi infection","volume":"49","author":"Daneshvar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R32-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1705.101489","article-title":"Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in children","volume":"17","author":"Barber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R33-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy065","article-title":"Age-related clinical spectrum of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria and predictors of severity","volume":"67","author":"Grigg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R34-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-363","article-title":"Laboratory markers of disease severity in Plasmodium knowlesi infection:A case control study","volume":"11","author":"Willmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R35-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis902","article-title":"Aprospective comparative study of knowlesi, falciparum, and vivax malaria in Sabah, Malaysia:High proportion with severe disease from Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium vivax but no mortality with early referral and artesunate therapy","volume":"56","author":"Barber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R36-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2009.06.004","article-title":"Cross-reactivity in rapid diagnostic tests between human malaria and zoonotic simian malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi infections","volume":"58","author":"Kawai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"R37-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1509.090358","article-title":"Human Plasmodium knowlesi infection detected by rapid diagnostic tests for malaria","volume":"15","author":"van Hellemond","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R38-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-60","article-title":"Evaluation of three rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of human infections with Plasmodium knowlesi","volume":"13","author":"Foster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R39-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-344","article-title":"A TaqMan real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantitation of Plasmodium knowlesi","volume":"9","author":"Divis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R40-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-197","article-title":"Specific, sensitive and rapid detection of human Plasmodium knowlesi infection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in blood samples","volume":"10","author":"Lau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R41-20240909","first-page":"11","article-title":"Methods for detection and identification of Plasmodium knowlesi:A review article","volume":"6","author":"Zaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Collab Res Intern Med Public Health"},{"key":"R42-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00331-10","article-title":"Evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method as a tool for diagnosis of infection by the zoonotic simian malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi","volume":"48","author":"Iseki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R43-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-238","article-title":"Clinical and parasitological response to oral chloroquine and primaquine in uncomplicated human Plasmodium knowlesi infections","volume":"9","author":"Daneshvar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R44-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00415-6","article-title":"Artesunate-mefloquine versus chloroquine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in Malaysia (ACT KNOW):An open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Grigg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R45-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1980.tb07148.x","article-title":"The increased susceptibility of young red cells to invasion by the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"45","author":"Pasvol","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R46-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1086\/315353","article-title":"Parasite multiplication potential and the severity of Falciparum malaria","volume":"181","author":"Chotivanich","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R47-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2612","article-title":"Expansion of host cellular niche can drive adaptation of a zoonotic malaria parasite to humans","volume":"4","author":"Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"R48-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1126\/science.131.3416.1812","article-title":"Vivax-type malaria parasite of macaques transmissible to man","volume":"131","author":"Eyles","year":"1960","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R49-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3635","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11332-4","article-title":"Robust continuous in vitro culture of the Plasmodium cynomolgi erythrocytic stages","volume":"10","author":"Chua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"R50-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-68","article-title":"First case of a naturally acquired human infection with Plasmodium cynomolgi","volume":"13","author":"Ta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R51-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.200343","article-title":"Naturally Acquired human Plasmodium cynomolgi and P. knowlesi infections, Malaysian Borneo","volume":"26","author":"Raja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R52-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy519","article-title":"Asymptomatic natural human infections with the simian malaria parasites Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium knowlesi","volume":"219","author":"Imwong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R53-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2708.204502","article-title":"Natural human infections with Plasmodium cynomolgi, P. Inui, and 4 other simian malaria parasites, Malaysia","volume":"27","author":"Yap","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R54-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2510.190448","article-title":"Plasmodium cynomolgi as cause of malaria in tourist to Southeast Asia, 2018","volume":"25","author":"Hartmeyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R55-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05941-y","article-title":"Preliminary review on the prevalence, proportion, geographical distribution, and characteristics of naturally acquired Plasmodium cynomolgi infection in mosquitoes, macaques, and humans:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Kotepui","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R56-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-019-0139-8","article-title":"Prevalence of human and non-human primate Plasmodium parasites in anopheline mosquitoes:A cross-sectional epidemiological study in Southern Vietnam","volume":"47","author":"Chinh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"R57-20240909","first-page":"481","article-title":"Comparative susceptibility of Southeast Asian Anopheles mosquitoes to the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium cynomolgi","volume":"7","author":"Klein","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc"},{"key":"R58-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0995-y","article-title":"Humans frequently exposed to a range of non-human primate malaria parasite species through the bites of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes in South-central Vietnam","volume":"8","author":"Maeno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"R59-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0552","article-title":"Use of a rhesus Plasmodium cynomolgi model to screen for anti-hypnozoite activity of pharmaceutical substances","volume":"86","author":"Deye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R60-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-02-764787","article-title":"Strict tropism for CD71(+)\/CD234(+) human reticulocytes limits the zoonotic potential of Plasmodium cynomolgi","volume":"130","author":"Kosaisavee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R61-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-0276140228","article-title":"Malaria in Brazil:What happens outside the Amazonian endemic region","volume":"109","author":"de Pina-Costa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"R62-20240909","first-page":"805","article-title":"Studies on transmission of simian malaria and on a natural infection of man with Plasmodium simium in Brazil","volume":"35","author":"Deane","year":"1966","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"R63-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761992000700001","article-title":"Simian malaria in Brazil","volume":"87","author":"Deane","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"R64-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1038","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30333-9","article-title":"Outbreak of human malaria caused by Plasmodium simium in the Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro:A molecular epidemiological investigation","volume":"5","author":"Brasil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"R65-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18216-x","article-title":"An assay for the identification of Plasmodium simium infection for diagnosis of zoonotic malaria in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest","volume":"8","author":"de Alvarenga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R66-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-1724-0","article-title":"New potential Plasmodium brasilianum hosts:Tamarin and marmoset monkeys (family Callitrichidae)","volume":"16","author":"Alvarenga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"R67-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.07.033","article-title":"Natural infection of Plasmodium brasilianum in humans:Man and monkey share Quartan malaria parasites in the Venezuelan Amazon","volume":"2","author":"Lalremruata","year":"2015","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"R68-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006801","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006801","article-title":"Reinvestigating the status of malaria parasite (Plasmodium sp.). in Indian non-human primates","volume":"12","author":"Dixit","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R69-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2710.210412","article-title":"Natural Plasmodium inui infections in humans and Anopheles cracens mosquito, Malaysia","volume":"27","author":"Liew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R70-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-022-01586-8","article-title":"Exposure of primate reservoir hosts to mosquito vectors in Malaysian Borneo","volume":"19","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"key":"R72-20240909","first-page":"1","article-title":"Plasmodium knowlesi in humans:A review on the role of its vectors in Malaysia","volume":"27","author":"Vythilingam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"key":"R73-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-1-26","article-title":"Plasmodium knowlesi in humans, macaques and mosquitoes in peninsular Malaysia","volume":"1","author":"Vythilingam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"17","key":"R74-20240909","first-page":"496284","article-title":"Forest fragmentation drives zoonotic malaria prevalence in non-human primate hosts","volume":"06","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"R75-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy520","article-title":"Zoonotic malaria:The better you look, the more you find","volume":"219","author":"Anstey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R76-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-017-0366-3","article-title":"Zooprophylaxis as a control strategy for malaria caused by the vector Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera:Culicidae):A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Asale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"}],"container-title":["Tropical Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tp.tp_79_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:42:08Z","timestamp":1787773328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tp.tp_79_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/tp.tp_79_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2229-5070","2229-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2229-5070","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-14","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-10","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}