{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:56:09Z","timestamp":1790740569792,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a major health concern in resource-limited countries of South\/South-East Asian region. Despite posing a potential threat to maternal and fetal health, there is limited data available on the actual burden of IPI among pregnant women. Through this systemic review and meta-analysis, we sought to determine the pooled prevalence of IPI and species-specific prevalence among pregnant women in this region. Subgroup analysis was done by region, stool examination technique, and study settings. Among 220 retrieved studies, 21 studies from 8 countries across the region were found eligible and included in this study. The estimated overall pooled prevalence of IPIs among pregnant women was 43.15% (95% confidence interval: 30.66\u201356.10). The most prevalent IPI was\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    (25.14%) and predominant protozoa was\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Entamoeba histolytica<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/dispar (6.96%). In subgroup analysis, the estimated pooled prevalence of IPIs in Nepal, India, Thailand, and Thai\u2013Burmese Border was 40.88%, 28.33%, 55.38%, and 23.78%, respectively. Studies using Kato-Katz technique for stool examination showed the highest estimated pooled IPI prevalence (62.70%). The prevalence of IPI was found to be lower in facility-based studies (38.12%) than that of studies done in the community (66.21%). Considering the high burden of IPI in pregnant women as estimated in our review and the already established impact of IPI infection on maternal health and fetal outcomes, we recommend implementation of the preventive chemotherapy during routine antenatal checkups.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/tp.tp_7_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T16:14:26Z","timestamp":1725466466000},"page":"71-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among the pregnant women in South and South East Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shubha","family":"Garg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Ravishankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinay","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.09.007","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infections in pregnancy \u2013A review","volume":"254","author":"Mohan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R3-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006269","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006269","article-title":"Estimation of the number of women of reproductive age in need of preventive chemotherapy for soil-transmitted helminth infections","volume":"12","author":"Mupfasoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R4-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/traa101","article-title":"Global prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors in pregnant women:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"Taghipour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R6-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(95)02442-5","article-title":"The effect of chronic intestinal parasitic infection on maternal and perinatal outcome","volume":"52","author":"Weigel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"R7-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02727.x","article-title":"Trichuris and hookworm infections associated with anaemia during pregnancy","volume":"16","author":"Gyorkos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"R8-20260914","first-page":"915","article-title":"The effect on fetal growth of protozoan and helminthic infection during pregnancy","volume":"74","author":"Villar","year":"1989","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R9-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0223722","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223722","article-title":"Are intestinal helminths playing a positive role in tuberculosis risk?A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Taghipour","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R10-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009282","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009282","article-title":"Routine deworming during antenatal care decreases risk of neonatal mortality and low birthweight:A retrospective cohort of survey data","volume":"15","author":"Walia","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R11-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-37","article-title":"Global numbers of infection and disease burden of soil transmitted helminth infections in 2010","volume":"7","author":"Pullan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"R14-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.59779\/jiomnepal.916","article-title":"De-worming during pregnancy in Nepal:An effect on neonatal mortality","volume":"40","author":"Shedain","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Inst Med"},{"key":"R15-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"R17-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.10.2527","article-title":"Hookworms, malaria and vitamin A deficiency contribute to anemia and iron deficiency among pregnant women in the plains of Nepal","volume":"130","author":"Dreyfuss","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"R18-20260914","first-page":"5","article-title":"Association of anemia with parasitic infestation in pregnant Nepalese women:Results from a hospital-based study done in eastern Nepal","volume":"17","author":"Shah","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"R19-20260914","first-page":"735","article-title":"Risk factors associated with anemia, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in rural Nepali pregnant women","volume":"43","author":"Makhoul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"R20-20260914","first-page":"1","article-title":"Association of anaemia with parasitic infection in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Koshi Zonal hospital","volume":"2","author":"Maharjan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nepal J Zool"},{"key":"R21-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.31729\/jnma.2813","article-title":"Intestinal worm infestation and anaemia in pregnant women","volume":"54","author":"Raut","year":"2016","journal-title":"JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc"},{"key":"R22-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3126\/jacem.v3i0.18885","article-title":"Anaemia association with intestinal parasitic infection in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital","volume":"3","author":"Sapkota","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Adv Coll Eng Manag"},{"key":"R25-20260914","first-page":"100","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among school children and pregnant women in low socio-economic area, Chandigarh, North India","volume":"1","author":"Sehgal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Infect"},{"key":"R27-20260914","first-page":"C07","article-title":"Study of helminthiasis in pregnancy and its correlation with haemoglobin level","volume":"8","author":"Shrinivas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R29-20260914","first-page":"553","article-title":"The prevalence and determinants of iron deficiency anemia in rural Thai-Muslim pregnant women in Pattani province","volume":"37","author":"Piammongkol","year":"2006","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"R30-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.02.001","article-title":"The influence of pregnancy on intestinal parasite infection in Thai women","volume":"101","author":"Herter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"R31-20260914","first-page":"211","article-title":"Epidemiology and the effect of treatment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in pregnant women in Southern Thailand","volume":"40","author":"Liabsuetrakul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"R32-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e887","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000887","article-title":"Complex interactions between soil-transmitted helminths and malaria in pregnant women on the Thai-Burmese border","volume":"4","author":"Boel","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R33-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009219","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009219","article-title":"Burden of soil-transmitted helminth infection in pregnant refugees and migrants on the Thailand-Myanmar border:Results from a retrospective cohort","volume":"15","author":"Brummaier","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R34-20260914","first-page":"14","article-title":"Impact of intestinal helminth infection on anemia and Iron status during pregnancy:A community based study in Indonesia","volume":"32","author":"Nurdia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"R35-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2005851","article-title":"Risk factors for iron-deficiency anaemia among pregnant women living in rural Vietnam","volume":"9","author":"Aikawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"R36-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2010.01014.x","article-title":"Prevalence of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in early pregnancy in rural Bangladesh, the MINIMat trial","volume":"90","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"R37-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007371","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007371","article-title":"Maternal, placental and cord blood cytokines and the risk of adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women infected with Schistosoma japonicum in the Philippines","volume":"13","author":"Abioye","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R38-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03908-0","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Animaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"R39-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-021-01635-4","article-title":"Burden of intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women in Ethiopia:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Chelkeba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"R41-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651998000300011","article-title":"Enteric parasites and commensals in pregnant women seen at the University Hospital, Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil","volume":"40","author":"dos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"R42-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-2327-5","article-title":"Parasitic infections and maternal anaemia among expectant mothers in the Dangme East District of Ghana","volume":"10","author":"Tay","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"R43-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_196_17","article-title":"A community-based surveillance of gastrointestinal helminthiasis among pregnant women in Ibadan, South West Nigeria","volume":"21","author":"Ayede","year":"2018","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"R44-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823923","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/823923","article-title":"Intestinal helminth infections in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at kitale district hospital, Kenya","volume":"2014","author":"Wekesa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"key":"R45-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5978-4","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for intestinal parasitic infections in pregnant women residing in three districts of Bogot\u00e1, Colombia","volume":"18","author":"Espinosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R46-20260914","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal nematode infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria","volume":"2","author":"Alli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Appl Sci Res"},{"key":"R47-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.783","article-title":"Relationship between intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections and anemia during pregnancy","volume":"73","author":"Larocque","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R48-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e370","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000370","article-title":"Geohelminth Infections among pregnant women in rural western Kenya;a cross-sectional study","volume":"3","author":"van","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R49-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23125","DOI":"10.1155\/IDOG\/2006\/23125","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women in Venezuela","volume":"2006","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Morales","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R50-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e473","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000473","article-title":"Risk factors for helminth, malaria, and HIV infection in pregnancy in Entebbe, Uganda","volume":"3","author":"Woodburn","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R51-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02598.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of parasitic co-infections during pregnancy in Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon","volume":"15","author":"Adegnika","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"R52-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2408","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002408","article-title":"Hookworm infection and environmental factors in Mbeya region, Tanzania:A cross-sectional, population-based study","volume":"7","author":"Riess","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R53-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S103529","article-title":"Helminth infection during pregnancy:Insights from evolutionary ecology","volume":"8","author":"Blackwell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"R55-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0189","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of hookworm infection in a rural community of central Thailand","volume":"84","author":"Jiraanankul","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R56-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4781-3","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Lalo Kile district, Oromia, Western Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"Yesuf","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"R57-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9315025","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in Kasoa Polyclinic, Ghana","volume":"2020","author":"Abaka-Yawson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"key":"R58-20260914","first-page":"108","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal protozoa infections and associated risk factors among schoolchildren in Sanandaj City, Iran","volume":"12","author":"Bahmani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"R60-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0203811","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203811","article-title":"A comparison of Kato-Katz technique to three other methods for diagnosis of Amphimerus spp. Liver fluke infection and the prevalence of infection in Chachi Amerindians of Ecuador","volume":"13","author":"Calvopina","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R61-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180439","DOI":"10.5402\/2013\/180439","article-title":"Comparison of the Kato-Katz, Wet Mount, and Formol-Ether concentration diagnostic techniques for intestinal helminth infections in Ethiopia","volume":"2013","author":"Endris","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Parasitol"},{"key":"R62-20260914","first-page":"647","article-title":"Comparison between kato-katz thick smear and sedimentation techniques in diagnosis of faecal-orally transmitted helminthes and other geohelminthes","volume":"46","author":"Elgendy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"key":"R63-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001620","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001620","article-title":"Water, sanitation, hygiene, and soil-transmitted helminth infection:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Strunz","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R64-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2017.05.007","article-title":"The impact of sanitation on infectious disease and nutritional status:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"220","author":"Freeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"}],"container-title":["Tropical Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tp.tp_7_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:01:01Z","timestamp":1789390861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/tp.tp_7_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/tp.tp_7_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2229-5070","2229-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2229-5070","type":"print"},{"value":"2229-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-09","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-30","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}