{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:10:39Z","timestamp":1792289439384,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a chronic and severe infection of the kidney. We aimed to review the main clinical, imaging, and histological findings and to assess predictors of surgical complications or hospitalization &gt;10 days (no deaths reported).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively searched all patients with XGP treated at our institution from 2005 to 2019, with 57 patients enrolled. Clinical data were retrieved by a single reader, computed tomographic (CT) examinations by two radiologists, and histopathological specimens by an experienced pathologist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The patients\u2019 mean age was 44.3 \u00b1 16.2 years and 41 (71.9%) were female. The most common symptoms were flank\/lumbar pain (89.5%), fever (43.9%), and recurrent urinary tract infection (43.9%). The mean time until the presumptive diagnosis was 365.1 days and the median hospitalization period was 11 days. Blood tests showed anemia (78.9%), leukocytosis (43.6%) with left shift (21.6%). Urinalysis showed hematuria (75.6%), bacteriuria (40.9%), and leukocytes (93.2%). Urine cultures showed\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 14.8%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 7.4%, while 59.3% were negative. Of 40 patients with CT examinations, 38 (95%) presented with hydronephrosis and perinephric inflammatory changes (PIC) and 22 (55%) with Bear Paw sign. PIC was the only independent predictor at multivariate analysis for surgical complications. For prolonged hospitalization, fever and PIC were independent predictors at univariate, but only fever at multivariate analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>XGP is a worrisome condition, with unclear pathophysiological mechanisms. Fever and PIC at CT examinations were predictors of poor outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ua.ua_180_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T08:53:52Z","timestamp":1716454432000},"page":"383-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: Case series \u2013 Clinical, radiologic, therapeutic, and histological aspects"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Sakuray","family":"Pais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Division of Urology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirelle Barbosa","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Images, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Division of Radiology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valdair Francisco","family":"Muglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Images, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Division of Radiology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Chahud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Division of Pathology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Augusto Fernandes","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Division of Urology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heitor Ramos","family":"Ruellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Images, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Division of Radiology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio Junior","family":"Tucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Division of Urology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240828","first-page":"139","article-title":"Peculiar staphylomycoses of the kidneys and pararenals connective tissue","volume":"19","author":"Schlagenhaufer","year":"1916","journal-title":"Frankf Z 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