{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T01:35:43Z","timestamp":1770082543007,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Context:<\/jats:title>\n Indirect permanent restorations re-establish strength, aesthetics, and function in compromised teeth. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has expanded to permanent restorations. Cementation and surface pretreatment critically influence adhesion and longevity, yet optimal protocols for 3D-printed restorations remain insufficiently established.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims:<\/jats:title>\n Evaluate the influence of surface pretreatment, cement type, and their combined effects on tensile bond strength (TBS), surface topography, and roughness of a definitive 3D-printed resin.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n One hundred and eighty cubic specimens were 3D-printed with VarseoSmile Crown Plus. For surface pretreatment analysis, specimens were bonded with adhesive resin cement (ARC) after one of four protocols: No pretreatment (Control), Al\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n airborne-particle abrasion (Air), diamond bur instrumentation (Bur), or polishing (Polished). Surface morphology and roughness parameters (Sq, Sp, Sv, Sz, and Sa) were characterized by digital microscopy and a scanning electron microscope. For cement type comparison, additional groups were prepared using Bur pretreatment combined with ARC, self-adhesive resin cement (SaRC), or resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RmGIC). All bonded pairs (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 15 per group) underwent macro-tensile testing in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm\/min.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n One-way ANOVA was conducted. Bonferroni post hoc testing was performed for pairwise comparisons, with a significance level set at \u03b1 =0.05 for all tests.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n TBS was significantly influenced by pretreatment (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), with Bur producing the highest values and Polished the lowest (44.47 \u00b1 37.24); no differences were observed among Control (180.53 \u00b1 101.77), Air (155.92 \u00b1 54.17), and Bur (238.87 \u00b1 68.62). Surface analysis revealed significant differences only for Sv (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.023), while Sq, Sp, Sz, and Sa remained comparable (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.05). Cement type strongly affected TBS (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), with ARC + silane achieving the highest values (238.87 \u00b1 68.62), followed by SaRC (105.93 \u00b1 20.70) and RmGIC (19.53 \u00b1 18.61).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Cement type influenced critically on the TBS of the 3D permanent restoration; ARC protocols incorporating silane offered superior outcomes. None of the surface pretreatment protocols enhanced significantly TBS, and minimally influenced surface roughness.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jcde.jcde_1096_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T10:00:23Z","timestamp":1770026423000},"page":"210-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surface pretreatment and cement influence on bond strength of three-dimensional printed permanent restorations"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BoneLab, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Areias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel Pais","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro Sousa","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BoneLab, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260202","first-page":"CD009109","article-title":"Single crowns versus conventional fillings for the restoration of root-filled teeth","volume":"2015","author":"Sequeira-Byron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R2-20260202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3240","DOI":"10.1021\/ac403397r","article-title":"Evaluation of 3D 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durability between a zirconia post and a composite resin core material","volume":"99","author":"Akgungor","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"R9-20260202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.1999.tb00398.x","article-title":"Effect of two abrasive systems on resin bonding to laboratory-processed indirect resin composite restorations","volume":"11","author":"Bouschlicher","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Esthet Dent"},{"key":"R10-20260202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.11.025","article-title":"Effect of different cement systems and aging on the bond strength of chairside CAD-CAM ceramics","volume":"125","author":"Ustun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"R11-20260202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02481068","article-title":"Shear bond strength in repaired concrete structures","volume":"36","author":"Silfwerbrand","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mater Struct"},{"key":"R12-20260202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2020.12.5.322","article-title":"Bonding of conventional provisional resin to 3D printed resin:The role of surface treatments and type of repair resins","volume":"12","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Adv Prosthodont"},{"key":"R13-20260202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1059","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.61884","article-title":"Effect of surface treatments applied to 3D printed permanent resins on shear bond strength","volume":"16","author":"Ers\u00f6z","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"},{"key":"R14-20260202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15061390","article-title":"Effect of adhesion conditions on the shear bond strength of 3D printing resins after thermocycling used for definitive prosthesis","volume":"15","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"R15-20260202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10092186","article-title":"Influence of pre-treatment and artificial aging on the retention of 3D-printed permanent composite crowns","volume":"10","author":"Graf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"R16-20260202","first-page":"296","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of 3D-printed resins for single-tooth dental crowns \u2013Provisional and permanent:A scoping review","volume":"33","author":"Moreira","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent"},{"key":"R17-20260202","first-page":"e367","article-title":"Comparison of the shear bond strength of 3D printed temporary bridges materials, on different types of resin cements and surface treatment","volume":"11","author":"Holmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"}],"container-title":["Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_1096_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T13:01:11Z","timestamp":1770037271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/JCDE.JCDE_1096_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jcde.jcde_1096_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2950-4716","2950-4708"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2950-4716","type":"print"},{"value":"2950-4708","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-27","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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