{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T13:35:04Z","timestamp":1777296904888,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with inner limiting membrane (ILM) peeling aims to improve visual function. Previous studies have focused on visual acuity, often neglecting visual field (VF) changes. This systematic review examines VF changes after PPV with ILM peeling in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) or macular hole (MH), including those with glaucoma, who have preexisting VF damage, to identify potential biases in glaucoma management. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (A) Patients undergoing ILM peeling for ERM or MH and (B) VF outcomes assessed through standard automated perimetry (SAP) or Goldmann kinetic perimetry. Exclusions were non-English studies and those with fewer than 30 subjects. Data included retinal disease, demographics, VF outcomes (mean deviation [MD], pattern standard deviation, and central VF sensitivity [CVFS]), study design, and use of stains. Out of 612 studies, 23 met our criteria. Of these, four included glaucoma patients and seven involved concomitant phacoemulsification. In glaucoma patients, two studies showed MD improvement in the central 24\u00b0, while one showed deterioration in the central 10\u00b0, linked to worse preoperative MD and older age. Among studies without glaucoma patients, three of eight using SAP reported increased VF defects (VFDs); two showed lower outer nasal CVFS postoperatively. Indocyanine green staining was linked to higher VFD incidence while triamcinolone acetonide or tryptane blue staining led to no significant VFDs. The nasal half of the central VF was more affected, possibly due to retinal ganglion cell distribution. Further prospective studies, including randomized controlled trials, are needed to better understand ILM-peeling effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_156_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T13:22:52Z","timestamp":1726579372000},"page":"332-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effect of inner limiting membrane peeling on visual fields: Unravelling a source of bias in glaucoma management"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Meryem","family":"Nurkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Ophthalmology, KU Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Jan V.","family":"Eijgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Ophthalmology, KU Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"De Clerck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Ophthalmology, KU Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Stalmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Ophthalmology, KU Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Barbosa-Breda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Ophthalmology, KU Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R and D Centre \u2013 UnIC@RISE, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Center of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1565890","article-title":"Morphology and composition of the inner limiting membrane: Species-specific variations and relevance toward drug delivery research","volume":"44","author":"Peynshaert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"R2-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2023.06.01","article-title":"How internal limiting membrane peeling revolutionized macular surgery in the last three decades","volume":"16","author":"Wiedemann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S284620","article-title":"Spotlight on the internal limiting membrane technique for macular holes: Current perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Caporossi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13853","article-title":"The impact of extent of internal limiting membrane peeling on anatomical outcomes of macular hole surgery: Results of a 54-week randomized clinical trial","volume":"97","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R6-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0177526","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177526","article-title":"Visual field changes after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling for epiretinal membrane or macular hole in glaucomatous eyes","volume":"12","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R7-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0996-8","article-title":"Glaucoma-related central visual field deterioration after vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane: Topographic characteristics and risk factors","volume":"35","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R8-20260427","first-page":"1761","article-title":"Prospective retinal and optic nerve vitrectomy evaluation (PROVE) study: Findings at 3 months","volume":"7","author":"Reddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2007.00973.x","article-title":"Surgical effects and complications of indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling for idiopathic macular hole","volume":"85","author":"Nagai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"R10-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-317478","article-title":"Risk of newly developing visual field defect and neurodegeneration after pars plana vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane","volume":"105","author":"Akino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2018.04.020","article-title":"Vitrectomy for epiretinal membranes: Ganglion cell features correlate with visual function outcomes","volume":"2","author":"Terashima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"R12-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05248-3","article-title":"Evaluation of postoperative visual function based on the preoperative inner layer structure in the epiretinal membrane","volume":"259","author":"Terashima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.04.008","article-title":"Prospective retinal and optic nerve vitrectomy evaluation (PROVE) study: Twelve-month findings","volume":"121","author":"Lalezary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R14-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.02.010","article-title":"Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness after epiretinal membrane surgery: A spectral-domain optical coherence tomography study","volume":"121","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R15-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000004","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness modification after internal limiting membrane peeling","volume":"34","author":"Balducci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R16-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.02.023","article-title":"Dissociated optic nerve fiber layer appearance after internal limiting membrane peeling for idiopathic macular holes","volume":"112","author":"Ito","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R17-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.131862","article-title":"Recovery of visual field and acuity after removal of epiretinal and inner limiting membranes","volume":"92","author":"Garweg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R18-20260427","first-page":"609","article-title":"Anatomic and visual outcomes after indocyanine green-assisted peeling of the retinal internal limiting membrane in idiopathic macular hole surgery","volume":"137","author":"Ando","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R19-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01969-4","article-title":"The effect of indocyanine-green on functional outcome of macular pucker surgery","volume":"135","author":"Haritoglou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01751-8","article-title":"Long-term follow-up after macular hole surgery with internal limiting membrane peeling","volume":"134","author":"Haritoglou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R21-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-006-0485-1","article-title":"Surgical removal of idiopathic epiretinal membrane with or without the assistance of indocyanine green: A randomised controlled clinical trial","volume":"245","author":"Hillenkamp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R22-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.10.051","article-title":"Visual field defects after macular hole surgery with indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling","volume":"143","author":"Tsuiki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R23-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.051250","article-title":"Macular function and morphology after peeling of idiopathic epiretinal membrane with and without the assistance of indocyanine green","volume":"89","author":"Hillenkamp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R24-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3180ed45cc","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of macular hole surgery with triamcinolone acetonide-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling","volume":"27","author":"Kumagai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R25-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.03.005","article-title":"Functional outcome after trypan blue-assisted vitrectomy for macular pucker: A prospective, randomized, comparative trial","volume":"138","author":"Haritoglou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R26-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-009-1213-4","article-title":"Comparison of macular function and visual fields after membrane blue or infracyanine green staining in vitreoretinal surgery","volume":"248","author":"Schmid-Kubista","year":"2010","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R27-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)99026-1","article-title":"Visual field defect after pars plana vitrectomy","volume":"105","author":"Yan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R28-20260427","first-page":"618","article-title":"Five-year follow-up of macular hole surgery with peeling of the internal limiting membrane: Update of a prospective study","volume":"26","author":"Haritoglou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R29-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903000103","article-title":"Topography of ganglion cells in human retina","volume":"300","author":"Curcio","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"R30-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2019.12.15","article-title":"Internal limiting membrane peeling with different dyes in the surgery of idiopathic macular hole: A systematic review of literature and network meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R31-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6287","article-title":"Internal limiting membrane peeling versus no peeling for idiopathic full-thickness macular hole: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Lois","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R32-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001906","article-title":"To peel or not to peel the internal limiting membrane in idiopathic epiretinal membranes","volume":"38","author":"D\u00edaz-Valverde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R33-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1177\/2474126420914276","article-title":"Air versus gas tamponade during macular hole repair surgery","volume":"4","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vitreoretin Dis"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_374_25","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000}}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_156_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T12:34:33Z","timestamp":1777293273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_156_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sjopt.sjopt_156_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-4534","2542-6680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-4534","type":"print"},{"value":"2542-6680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-13","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}