{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T12:28:56Z","timestamp":1742387336014,"version":"3.30.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Medknow","issue":"1&2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The occurrence of breast cancer in young women (BCYW), i.e., under 40 years old (&lt;40 years), is increasing, and tumors in this group often exhibit different biology and prognosis compared to those in older counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Aim and Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study aimed to access the peripheral immune cell populations in metastatic BCYW at diagnosis and compare them with older (\u226540) metastatic breast cancer (BC) patients. Blood samples were collected when the metastatic disease was diagnosed and before treatment began.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 90 patients were included, with a median age of 52.5 years at baseline (27\u201388 years). Among them, 17 patients were under 40 years old, and 73 were 40 years old or older. We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells using Histopaque-1077 Hybri-Max to access immune cells by flow cytometry. For comparisons between two groups, the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test was used, and Dunn\u2019s test was used for comparisons between more than two groups.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The presence of metastatic BCYW was characterized by a lower proportion of regulatory T-cells (Treg) and central memory (CM) CD8+ T-cells, as well as a higher proportion of total effector T-cells (Teff). In young patients with widespread metastasis (plurimetastatic), there was a higher proportion of Teff cells, V\u03b42+ T-cells, and effector V\u03b41+ T-cells, with fewer Treg cells. Conversely, older plurimetastatic patients had more Treg cells and fewer effector T-cells. Furthermore, young oligometastatic patients had a lower proportion of CM CD8+ T-cells.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>BCYW presents a distinct immunologic profile with higher effector cell activity and lower levels of regulatory and memory cells, regardless of metastatic burden and menopausal status. This finding suggests that targeting immune pathways may offer new therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes for young women with BC, potentially leading to more personalized and effective treatments.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ywbc.ywbc_8_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T14:00:10Z","timestamp":1730988010000},"page":"42-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unique Peripheral Immune Profile in Young Women with Metastatic Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Catarina","family":"Abreu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria \u2013 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Corredeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Jo\u00e3o Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Cavaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Jo\u00e3o Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lisiana Wachholz","family":"Szeneszi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria \u2013 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Barradas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria \u2013 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Luis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria \u2013 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marilia","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estat\u00edstica e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Jo\u00e3o Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"START Lisboa - CHULN Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Leonor","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria \u2013 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria \u2013 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Quintela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria \u2013 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria \u2013 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria \u2013 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Mansinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Jo\u00e3o Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"START Lisboa - CHULN Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Luna-Pais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria \u2013 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria \u2013 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Semedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria \u2013 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Casimiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Jo\u00e3o Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Serre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Jo\u00e3o Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"iMM Care, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Ribot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Jo\u00e3o Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Silva-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Jo\u00e3o Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria \u2013 Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Jo\u00e3o Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"2581","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-022-10034-6","article-title":"Oncobiology and treatment of breast cancer in young women","volume":"41","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"R3-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2017.07.017","article-title":"ESO-ESMO 3 rd international consensus guidelines for breast cancer in young women (BCY3)","volume":"35","author":"Paluch-Shimon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"R4-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djt134","article-title":"Prospective observational study of breast cancer treatment outcomes for UK women aged 18-40 years at diagnosis:The POSH study","volume":"105","author":"Copson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"R5-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33326-3","article-title":"Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000-14 (CONCORD-3):Analysis of individual records for 37 513 025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries","volume":"391","author":"Allemani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R6-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27574-0","article-title":"Depletion of central memory CD8(+) T cells might impede the antitumor therapeutic effect of Mogamulizumab","volume":"12","author":"Maeda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"R7-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt303","article-title":"Personalizing the treatment of women with early breast cancer:Highlights of the St Gallen international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2013","volume":"24","author":"Goldhirsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"R8-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52234","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202052234","article-title":"MicroRNA-181a restricts human \u03b3\u03b4 T cell differentiation by targeting Map3k2 and Notch2","volume":"23","author":"Gordino","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"R9-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2012.04.008","article-title":"Innate immunosenescence:Effect of aging on cells and receptors of the innate immune system in humans","volume":"24","author":"Solana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"R11-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17462","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3958","article-title":"CD4+and CD8+T cells have opposing roles in breast cancer progression and outcome","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"R12-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64096","article-title":"Causes, consequences, and reversal of immune system aging","volume":"123","author":"Montecino-Rodriguez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R13-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-2365","article-title":"NK cell infiltrates and HLA class i expression in primary HER2(+) breast cancer predict and uncouple pathological response and disease-free survival","volume":"25","author":"Muntasell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R14-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64505","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11352","article-title":"Suppressive role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the microenvironment of breast cancer and targeted immunotherapies","volume":"7","author":"Shou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"R15-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-014-0038-9","article-title":"Detailed characterization of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in two distinct human solid malignancies show phenotypic similarities","volume":"2","author":"Kovacsovics-Bankowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"R16-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972021","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.972021","article-title":"Roles of CD4+T cells as mediators of antitumor immunity","volume":"13","author":"Kravtsov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R17-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2015.02.003","article-title":"The interplay of effector and regulatory T cells in cancer","volume":"33","author":"Roychoudhuri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"R18-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698076","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.698076","article-title":"Prognostic impact of memory CD8(+) T cells on immunotherapy in human cancers:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"R19-20241111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004880","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-004880","article-title":"V?2 T cells are associated with favorable clinical outcomes in patients with bladder cancer and their tumor reactivity can be boosted by BCG and zoledronate treatments","volume":"10","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"}],"container-title":["Journal of Young Women\u2019s Breast Cancer and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/YWBC.YWBC_8_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T08:00:30Z","timestamp":1731312030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/YWBC.YWBC_8_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1&2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ywbc.ywbc_8_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["3050-7162"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"3050-7162"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-31","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-26","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}