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This report describes the cytological findings of a case of adenosarcoma arising from the endometrium. The patient was a Japanese woman in her 40s. Endometrial cytological and histological findings were observed for 5 years, from the appearance of a polypoid lesion until adenosarcoma was suspected, and then hysterectomy was performed. Based on these longitudinal cytological and histological observations, it was possible to identify the cytological characteristics of adenosarcoma: decrease in the glandular-to-stromal ratio; increase in stromal cell density; and progression of stromal cell atypia. This case stresses the importance and usefulness of endometrial cytology in the identification of the sarcomatous component in adenosarcoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4132\/jptm.2025.08.11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T02:06:07Z","timestamp":1757556367000},"page":"340-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4132\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cytological characteristics of M\u00fcllerian adenosarcoma of the uterine corpus: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.4132","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3430-5710","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junko","family":"Kuramoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9539-6979","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chihiro","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4588-2906","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yasuko","family":"Sasamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5364-7257","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hitomi","family":"Tsukada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7738-4792","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shigemichi","family":"Hirose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2611","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/pap.0b013e3181cfe732"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(90)90198-e"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200210000-00001"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12613"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2014-0523-rs"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-197506000-00026"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000327874"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1438.2002.01129.x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.13088"},{"first-page":"305","volume-title":"","year":"2020","key":"ref10"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"689","volume-title":"","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000353148"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23665"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24152"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121448"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12177"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16497"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/jpatholtm.org\/upload\/pdf\/jptm-2025-08-11.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/jpatholtm.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4132\/jptm.2025.08.11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/jpatholtm.org\/upload\/pdf\/jptm-2025-08-11.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T07:32:28Z","timestamp":1757921548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/jpatholtm.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4132\/jptm.2025.08.11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4132\/jptm.2025.08.11","relation":{},"ISSN":["2383-7837","2383-7845"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2383-7837"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2383-7845"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}