{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:25:11Z","timestamp":1777465511198,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomark\ufffdInsights"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most common glomerular disorders of childhood and is associated with increased urinary vitamin D-binding protein (uVDBP) excretion. We tested the hypothesis that uVDBP represents a biomarker to differentiate steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) from the more benign forms of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study included children with SRNS ( n = 24), SSNS ( n = 28), and normal controls ( n = 5). Urine and clinical data were collected from patients. Measurements of uVDBP were performed with a commercially available ELISA kit and normalized to urine creatinine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Concentrations of uVDBP were significantly higher ( P &lt; 0.001) in patients with SRNS (13,659 ng\/mL, interquartile range [IQR] 477\u201322,979) than in patients with SSNS (94 ng\/mL, IQR 53\u2013202) and normal controls (23 ng\/mL, IQR 22\u201399, P = 0.002). Significance did not change when the results were corrected for urine creatinine. uVDBP was significantly negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; R = \u22120.76, P = 0.03). However, uVDBP was still markedly elevated in patients with SRNS with eGFR &gt;100 mL\/minute\/1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . There was a positive correlation between microalbuminuria (MALB\/Cr) and uVDBP ( R = 0.67, P &lt; 0.001). However, uVDBP displayed a much higher discriminatory ability for distinguishing SRNS than MALB\/Cr (area under the curve = 0.92 vs 0.67, respectively). An uVDBP cutoff of 362 ng\/mL yielded the optimal sensitivity (80%) and specificity (83%) to distinguish SRNS from SSNS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this preliminary study, uVDBP represents a noninvasive biomarker that could distinguish SRNS from the more benign SSNS with high discriminatory power.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4137\/bmi.s31633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]],"date-time":"2016-01-13T15:11:44Z","timestamp":1452697904000},"page":"BMI.S31633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Urinary Vitamin D-Binding Protein as a Biomarker of Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.4137","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angad","family":"Pordal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Haffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LaTawnya","family":"Pleasant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prasad","family":"Devarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-BMI.S31633","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine.","author":"Lewis 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