{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:37:27Z","timestamp":1777891047396,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,6]],"date-time":"2011-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1323129600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Med Insights Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lenalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory drug that has helped improve outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Combination lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Len+Dex) has been shown to increase response rates and prolong survival compared with dexamethasone alone in patients with relapsed or refractory MM (RRMM). Clinical benefit may be greatest when Len+Dex is given at first relapse, and continued treatment appears to provide greater depth of response and improved survival outcomes. The most common adverse events associated with Len+Dex are cytopenias, which are predictable and manageable. Len+Dex is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, which necessitates adequate prophylaxis. The risk of second primary malignancies does not appear to be increased in patients with RRMM treated with lenalidomide-based therapy. Here we review the safety and efficacy of Len+Dex in RRMM, and provide an overview of data from Spain on the use of Len+Dex in RRMM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4137\/cmo.s7275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,6]],"date-time":"2011-12-06T16:09:27Z","timestamp":1323187767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Safety and Efficacy of Lenalidomide in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma"],"prefix":"10.4137","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Adrian","family":"Alegre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Universitary Hospital La Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Vicu\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Universitary Hospital La Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Aguado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Universitary Hospital La Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20073"},{"key":"bibr2-CMO.S7275","unstructured":"Globocan 2008. Country Fast Stats. Available at: http:\/\/globocan.iarc.fr\/factsheets\/populations\/factsheet.asp?uno=968. Accessed September 12, 2011."},{"key":"bibr3-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1011442"},{"key":"bibr4-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/79.7.867"},{"key":"bibr5-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-10-116129"},{"key":"bibr6-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-08-104984"},{"key":"bibr7-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.13782"},{"key":"bibr8-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190802005191"},{"key":"bibr9-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-8722-2-36"},{"key":"bibr10-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.9.2943"},{"key":"bibr11-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.12.4525"},{"key":"bibr12-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-2317"},{"key":"bibr13-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-03-0996"},{"key":"bibr14-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2005.01.002"},{"key":"bibr15-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.1.380","volume":"163","author":"Corral L.G.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"bibr16-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.1.210"},{"key":"bibr17-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01954.x"},{"key":"bibr18-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-008-0620-4"},{"key":"bibr19-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156800910791054239"},{"key":"bibr20-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-04-015909"},{"key":"bibr21-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070596"},{"key":"bibr22-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070594"},{"key":"bibr23-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2009.147"},{"key":"bibr24-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-02-141614"},{"key":"bibr25-CMO.S7275","volume":"108","author":"Chanan-Khan A.A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"bibr26-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25139"},{"key":"bibr27-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2009.01257.x"},{"key":"bibr28-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3816\/CLML.2010.n.120"},{"key":"bibr29-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.015917"},{"key":"bibr30-CMO.S7275","volume-title":"Revlimid (lenalidomide) prescribing information.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr31-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2011.01644.x"},{"key":"bibr32-CMO.S7275","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda P\u00e9rezF. Case report: Response to lenalidomide in a patient with refractory MM and extramedullary plasmacytomas [abstract]. 13th International Myeloma Workshop, May 3\u20136, 2011, Paris, France. Abstract A-456."},{"key":"bibr33-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-011-0785-z"},{"key":"bibr34-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V116.21.3045.3045"},{"key":"bibr35-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V116.21.310.310"},{"key":"bibr36-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V116.21.37.37"},{"key":"bibr37-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.8007"},{"key":"bibr38-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3816\/CLML.2010.n.020"},{"key":"bibr39-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V114.22.3873.3873"},{"key":"bibr40-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.3"},{"key":"bibr41-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2008.07.003"},{"key":"bibr42-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.21.2558-c"},{"key":"bibr43-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70284-0"},{"key":"bibr44-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2405062"},{"key":"bibr45-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.31.6844"},{"key":"bibr46-CMO.S7275","unstructured":"AttalM., OlivierP., Cances LauwersV. Maintenance treatment with lenalidomide after transplantation for myeloma: analysis of secondary malignancies within the IFM 2005-02 trial. 13th International Myeloma Workshop, May 3\u20136, 2011, Paris, France."},{"key":"bibr47-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCarthyP., OwzarK., AndersonK. Phase III intergroup study of lenalidomide versus placebo maintenance therapy following single autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) for multiple myeloma (MM): CALGB ECOG BMT-CTN 100104. 13th International Myeloma Workshop, May 3\u20136, 2011, Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.8017"},{"key":"bibr48-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.8008"},{"key":"bibr49-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.8009"},{"key":"bibr50-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.8086"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr51-CMO.S7275","volume":"95","author":"Yong K.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haematologica."},{"key":"bibr52-CMO.S7275","first-page":"832","volume":"89","author":"Rosi\u00f1ol L.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Haematologica."},{"key":"bibr53-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02765.x"},{"key":"bibr54-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0902-4441.2005.t01-1-EJH2462.x"},{"key":"bibr55-CMO.S7275","first-page":"278","volume":"90","author":"Patriarca F.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Haematologica."},{"key":"bibr56-CMO.S7275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2005.05.003"}],"container-title":["Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4137\/CMO.S7275","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.4137\/CMO.S7275","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4137\/CMO.S7275","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:52:44Z","timestamp":1777614764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.4137\/CMO.S7275"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,6]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.4137\/CMO.S7275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4137\/cmo.s7275","relation":{},"ISSN":["1179-5549","1179-5549"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1179-5549","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-5549","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,6]]},"article-number":"CMO.S7275"}}