{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:05:40Z","timestamp":1789002340494,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environ\ufffdHealth\ufffdInsights"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study aimed at the environmental health hazards at work and cyanide exposure of small-scale gold miners engaged in gold extraction from ores in a mining area in the Philippines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Methods consisted of structured questionnaire-guided interviews, work process observation tools, physical health assessment by medical doctors, and laboratory examination and blood cyanide determination in the blood samples of 34 indigenous small-scale gold miners from Benguet, Philippines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The small-scale gold miners worked for a mean of 10.3 years, had a mean age of 36 years, with mean lifetime mining work hours of 18,564. All were involved in tunneling work (100%) while a considerable number were involved in mixing cyanide with the ore (44%). A considerable number were injured (35%) during the mining activity, and an alarming number (35%) had elevated blood cyanide level. The most prevalent hazard was exposure to chemicals, particularly to cyanide and nitric acid, which were usually handled with bare hands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The small-scale gold miners were exposed to occupational and environmental hazards at work.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4137\/ehi.s38459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,8]],"date-time":"2016-08-08T17:16:15Z","timestamp":1470676575000},"page":"EHI.S38459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Environmental Health and Safety Hazards of Indigenous Small-Scale Gold Mining Using Cyanidation in the Philippines"],"prefix":"10.4137","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ana Marie R.","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Doctor and Community Health Practitioner, Cordillera Administrative Region, Philippines."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinky Leilanie DP.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Policy and Development Studies, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines; and Affiliate Faculty, Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr2-EHI.S38459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2011799"},{"key":"bibr3-EHI.S38459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-7241-19-14"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr5-EHI.S38459","first-page":"622","volume":"2","author":"Babatunde O.A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Sci Environ Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr6-EHI.S38459","first-page":"4714","volume":"2","author":"Mallo S.J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Mod Eng Res."},{"key":"bibr7-EHI.S38459","unstructured":"ElgstrandK., VingardE. 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