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There are now several agents that are well established for the treatment of acute mania (lithium, divalproex, carbamazepine, nearly all antipsychotics), acute bipolar depression (lamotrigine, quetiapine, olanzapine\/fluoxetine combination), and relapse prevention (lithium, lamotrigine, divalproex, most second generation antipsychotics). There are also novel treatments that are being studied for all three phases. These include eslicarbazepine, cariprazine, MEM-1003, memantine, tamoxifen and pentazocine for acute mania; pramipexole, modafinil, armodafinil, divalproex, lurasidone, agomelatine, cariprazine, lisedexamfetamine, riluzole, RG-2417, bifeprunox, ropinirole, GSK1014802, and magnetic stimulation for bipolar depression; and asenapine, lurasidone, and cariprazine for relapse prevention. Additionally, there are accumulating data that antidepressants, particularly serotoninergic ones, are not particularly effective in acute bipolar depression and may worsen the course of the illness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4137\/jcnsd.s4441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,7]],"date-time":"2011-08-07T17:29:08Z","timestamp":1312738148000},"page":"JCNSD.S4441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Current and Emerging Therapies for the Management of Bipolar Disorders"],"prefix":"10.4137","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Rif S.","family":"El-Mallakh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mood Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Z.","family":"Elmaadawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mood Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonglin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mood Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kavita","family":"Lohano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mood Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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