{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:07:42Z","timestamp":1791497262764,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Exp Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Physicochemical investigation of the red alga Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Borgesen, collected from Al-Shoaiba coast, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, led to the isolation of a flavone from the algal tissue with acetone. Preparative chromatography on silica gel thin-layer chromatography was used for the separation of the flavone and eluted with the methanol:chloroform:ethyl acetate (1:7:2) solvent system. The physicochemical analyses infrared, mass spectra, and ultraviolet spectra in addition to shift reagents (NaOMe, NaOAc, NaOAc + H\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    BO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , AlCl\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and AlCl\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    + HCl) were used for the identification and elucidation of the structure of the flavone compound (4,5,7-trihydroxy flavonoids). The flavone compound was identified as apigenin bycomparing its physicochemical data with those in the literature. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of apigenin were evaluated. Apigenin showed promising analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in the hot plate test and writhing test in mice as well as tail-immersion tests and carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats. It is concluded that apigenin possesses potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities, which might be due to the inhibition of PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    as well as proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1\u03b2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor- \u03b1.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4137\/jen.s25096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T17:28:28Z","timestamp":1455816508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Isolation and Identification of a Flavone Apigenin from Marine Red Alga\n                    <i>Acanthophora spicifera<\/i>\n                    with Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities"],"prefix":"10.4137","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gihan A. 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