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In this review, we focused on the epidemiology of illict opioid use in the United States and on the mechanism of action of opioid drugs. We also described the signs and symptoms, and diagnoses of intoxication and overdose. Lastly, we updated the reader about the most recent recommendations for treatment and prevention of opioid intoxications and overdose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4137\/sart.s7090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]],"date-time":"2011-04-18T16:29:43Z","timestamp":1303144183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Illicit Opioid Intoxication: Diagnosis and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.4137","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Fareed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Stout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310-1495, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Casarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310-1495, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Vayalapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Drexler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-SART.S7090","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 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