{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T14:45:03Z","timestamp":1762958703546,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society of Consultant Pharmacists","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["sr care pharm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\n                    Oral therapy is widely used to treat many infections. However, there is less consensus regarding the use of oral antibiotics for serious infections.\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    This review aims to evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing intravenous\n and oral antibiotic treatments for osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and bacteremia, with a particular emphasis on data pertaining to older adults.\n                    <jats:bold>Data Source<\/jats:bold>\n                    A list of RCTs comparing intravenous and oral antibiotics for these types of infections was compiled through a search\n of PubMed and EMBASE.\n                    <jats:bold>Data Synthesis<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 19 RCTs were identified, including nine for osteomyelitis, three for endocarditis, six for bacteremia, and one addressing both osteomyelitis and bacteremia. All trials reported no significant difference between intravenous\n and oral antibiotic treatments. The inclusion of older adults varied across infection types. For osteomyelitis, only three of the ten RCTs had a mean patient age of 60 years or older. For endocarditis, two of the three RCTs had a mean patient age of 60 years or older. Lastly, for bacteremia,\n four of the seven RCTs had a mean patient age of 60 years or older.\n                    <jats:bold>Discussion<\/jats:bold>\n                    All retrieved RCTs support the use of fully or partially oral antibiotic regimens for osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and bacteremia. Although data support the use of oral antibiotics in older adults\n for all three infection types, the number of trials that included older adults varied.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    Several RCTs support the use of fully or partially oral antibiotic regimens for osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and bacteremia. Oral agents may be reasonable options for older\n adults, depending on an individual\u2019s benefit-to-risk assessment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4140\/tcp.n.2025.457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T14:40:15Z","timestamp":1762958415000},"page":"457-471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibiotic Route of Administration: Is Oral the New IV in Older Adults?"],"prefix":"10.4140","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Alice N.","family":"Hemenway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Rockford, Illinois."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Rockford, Illinois."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elias B.","family":"Chahine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Palm Beach Atlantic University Gregory School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration,West Palm Beach, Florida."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2625","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","first-page":"e103","article-title":"update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.","volume":"52","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202410-2096ST","article-title":"Updates on the treatment of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis: an official ATS\/CDC\/ERS\/IDSA clinical practice guideline","volume":"211","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1581ST","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: an official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"200","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ482","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of native vertebral osteomyelitis in adults.","volume":"61","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"issue":"15","key":"ref5","first-page":"14351486","article-title":"American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and Stroke Council. 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