{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T10:41:24Z","timestamp":1768214484420,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Korean Cancer Association","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A2C1011958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2C1011958"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00462658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00462658"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00241942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00241942"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003716","name":"Korea Basic Science Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National research Facilities and Equipment Center"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023R1A6C101A009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023R1A6C101A009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-crt.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Res Treat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose This study aimed to investigate the potential association between thyroid disorders and breast cancer (BC) risk in a cohort of Korean women.Materials and Methods Data for this retrospective cohort study were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance database, including all women aged \u2265 40 who underwent BC screening from 2009 to 2010 in Korea. Thyroid disorders were identified using medical records from 2009 to 2010 and extracted using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes for thyroid nodules, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. BC cases were defined using the ICD-10 codes and tracked until December 2021. A Cox regression model was used to evaluate the association between thyroid disorders and the risk of BC. Additionally, we evaluated the association between well-known risk factors of BC and thyroid disorders using logistic regression analysis.Results Among 5,051,633 women, the mean\u00b1standard deviation age was 55.2\u00b110.7 years, and the median follow-up was 11.6 years, with 87,784 BC cases recorded. The proportions of patients with thyroid nodules, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism were 2.5%, 1.8%, and 0.9%, respectively. The hazard ratio for BC risk associated with thyroid nodules was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 1.20), for hypothyroidism was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.03), and for hyperthyroidism was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.21). In both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, an increased risk of BC was significantly associated with thyroid nodules (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.16 and 1.13) and hyperthyroidism (aHR, 1.11 and 1.16). History of benign breast disease, oral contraceptive use, breastfeeding, menopausal status, and hormone replacement therapy were associated with thyroid nodules and hyperthyroidism.Conclusion Our findings suggest an increased risk of BC in women with a history of thyroid nodules and hyperthyroidism, whereas no such association was found in women with hypothyroidism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2024.787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T21:07:26Z","timestamp":1740517646000},"page":"141-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4143\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between Benign Thyroid Disorders and Breast Cancer Risk in Korean Women"],"prefix":"10.4143","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1902-3184","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Boyoung","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7720-4552","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thi Xuan Mai","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2954","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdj040"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205136"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.epi-15-0833"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2021.03.008"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/gs-20-878"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.984593"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/enm.2018.33.2.260"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv319"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.06.012"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/jksr.2019.80.5.919"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20542"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0171"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.epi-18-0877"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"","author":"Ali","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"e6564","volume-title":"Ultrasound is helpful to differentiate Bethesda class III thyroid nodules: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Gao","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0063"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020194"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-15-0989"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32283"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27470"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2104"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Thyroid hormone controls breast cancer cell movement via integrin alphaV\/beta3\/SRC\/FAK\/PI3-kinases","author":"Flamini","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01690-y"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22635"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/enm.2023.1684"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.0981"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(16)00278-6"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-017-0918-7"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2011.05.009"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1309","volume-title":"Thyroid-associated genetic polymorphisms in relation to breast cancer risk in the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study","author":"Brandt","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/875125"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2021.0544"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/105072504323024561"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi060"}],"container-title":["Cancer Research and 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