{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:49:20Z","timestamp":1792043360633,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Korean Cancer Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-crt.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Res Treat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy using lentiviral vectors can lead to false-positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA detection, making distinguishing true infection from vector-related signals challenging. A 64-year-old male with relapsed\/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma underwent multiple lines of treatment, including R-CHOP, R-ICE, autologous stem cell transplantation, and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel, Kymriah). Infectious disease screening before CAR T-cell therapy was negative for HIV. However, 4 months post-infusion, during evaluation for second-line CD20-targeted CAR T-cell therapy, HIV RNA was detected in Roche Cobas HIV-1 assay targeted dual target, 5\u2032 long terminal repeat (5\u2032 LTR) and &lt;i&gt;gag&lt;\/i&gt; gene (48 copies\/mL). Serial testing showed persistent but low-level positivity of HIV RNA. Retrospective analysis of stored serum samples revealed HIV RNA negativity before tisa-cel infusion but positivity post-infusion in Roche Cobas HIV-1 assay. Additional testing using the Alinity m HIV-1 assay (dual target: 5\u2032 LTR and &lt;i&gt;pol&lt;\/i&gt; gene) and the Abbott RealTi&lt;i&gt;me&lt;\/i&gt; HIV-1 assay (single-target: &lt;i&gt;pol&lt;\/i&gt; gene) confirmed that only the dual-target assay yielded positive results, suggesting lentiviral vector cross-reactivity rather than actual HIV infection. This case underscores the potential for false-positive HIV-1 RNA detection in CAR T-cell treatment recipients due to vector-derived sequences, emphasizing the need for cautious interpretation of HIV-1 testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2025.491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T04:54:51Z","timestamp":1751259291000},"page":"1530-1533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4143\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Detection of HIV RNA after CAR T-Cell Therapy in a Relapsed\/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patient: Possibility of False Positivity and Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.4143","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0379-5297","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sang Eun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyungmin","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Yeul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Jae","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5400-0466","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Won Seog","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2954","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01285-10","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104530","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02231-08","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00754-1","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab605","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpim.93","type":"journal-article"}],"container-title":["Cancer Research and Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-crt.org\/upload\/pdf\/crt-2025-491.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-crt.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4143\/crt.2025.491","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-crt.org\/upload\/pdf\/crt-2025-491.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:37:13Z","timestamp":1792042633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-crt.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4143\/crt.2025.491"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4143\/crt.2025.491","relation":{},"ISSN":["1598-2998","2005-9256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1598-2998","type":"print"},{"value":"2005-9256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}