{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:49:23Z","timestamp":1792043363538,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Korean Cancer Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Samsung Medical Center","award":["#SMO 125037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMO 125037"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05a15z872","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-crt.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Res Treat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), while regarded as promising immunomodulatory tools, have raised concerns in recent studies for their potential to promote tumor growth or facilitate immune evasion. These risks are particularly relevant in hematologic malignancies, where MSCs have been used to mitigate graft-versus-host disease or support hematopoietic engraftment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cytokine-primed MSCs on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, with a focus on both safety and immunomodulatory efficacy.Materials and Methods Wharton\u2019s jelly\u2013derived MSCs were primed with interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), interleukin-6, lipopolysaccharide, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, followed by co-culture with AML cell lines. AML cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to assess gene expression profiles under each priming condition.Results Cytokine-primed MSCs did not result in significant changes in AML cell viability (p &gt; 0.05), supporting the safety of this approach. Meanwhile, IFN-\u03b3 priming significantly upregulated genes involved in immune modulation and apoptosis, including &lt;i&gt;IDO1, TNFSF10, ICAM1&lt;\/i&gt;, and chemokines &lt;i&gt;CXCL9, CXCL10&lt;\/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;CXCL11&lt;\/i&gt;.Conclusion Cytokine priming, particularly with IFN-\u03b3, enhanced the immunomodulatory gene expression of MSCs without promoting AML cell proliferation. Although direct cytotoxic effects were not observed in co-culture experiments, the absence of increased leukemic cell growth under any priming condition supports the biological safety of this approach. These findings provide a strong foundation for further in vivo studies to assess the therapeutic applicability of primed MSCs in hematologic malignancies while ensuring oncologic safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2025.583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T06:32:08Z","timestamp":1765780328000},"page":"1496-1507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4143\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cytokine-Primed Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhance Antitumor Immunity\u2013Associated Gene Expression without Promoting Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Growth"],"prefix":"10.4143","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2569-4016","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Na Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byungchan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5980-7912","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Keon Hee","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2954","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(04)16104-7","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2006.21.6.1000","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2013.7","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2025.104986","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-025-02742-0","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2405090","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-020-00246-5","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0373-9","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.01.002","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1074863","type":"journal-article","volume-title":"The 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