{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:37:56Z","timestamp":1793299076177,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aacejournalendocrinepractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.4158\/dscr-2020-0567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T10:23:58Z","timestamp":1606213438000},"page":"1366-1383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Disease State Clinical Review on the Evaluation and Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma in an Adult: a Practical Approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Katja","family":"Kiseljak-Vassiliades","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Bancos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Hamrahian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mouhammed Amir","family":"Habra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Vaidya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice C.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Else","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr3503w","article-title":"The characteristics and trends in adrenocortical carcinoma: a United States population based study","volume":"10","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.04.002","article-title":"Comprehensive pangenomic characterization of adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0608","article-title":"European Society of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines on the management of adrenocortical carcinoma in adults, in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors","volume":"179","author":"Fassnacht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.15.S1.1","article-title":"The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Association of Endocrine Surgeons medical guidelines for the management of adrenal incidentalomas","volume":"15","author":"Zeiger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.4158\/DSCR-2018-0565","article-title":"The evaluation of incidentally discovered adrenal masses","volume":"25","author":"Vaidya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Pract."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-1147","article-title":"AME position statement on adrenal incidentaloma","volume":"164","author":"Terzolo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R51","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0461","article-title":"Management of endocrine disease: imaging for the diagnosis of malignancy in incidentally discovered adrenal masses: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Dinnes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-014-2834-3","article-title":"Impact of 18F-FDG PET\/CT on the management of adrenocortical carcinoma: analysis of 106 patients","volume":"41","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3039","article-title":"A concomitant false-negative 18F-FDG PET imaging in an adrenocortical carcinoma and a high uptake in a corresponding liver metastasis","volume":"97","author":"Ghander","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.10.008","article-title":"Clinical management of adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"23","author":"Fassnacht","year":"2009","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199004263221705","article-title":"Clinical features of adrenocortical carcinoma, prognostic factors, and the effect of mitotane therapy","volume":"322","author":"Luton","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1029","article-title":"Adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Else","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2730","article-title":"Clinical and biological features in the prognosis of adrenocortical cancer: poor outcome of cortisol-secreting tumors in a series of 202 consecutive patients","volume":"91","author":"Abiven","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2019-00027","article-title":"Assay-specific spurious ACTH results lead to misdiagnosis, unnecessary testing, and surgical misadventure-a case series","volume":"3","author":"Greene","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3775","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1565","article-title":"Urine steroid metabolomics as a biomarker tool for detecting malignancy in adrenal tumors","volume":"96","author":"Arlt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30218-7","article-title":"Urine steroid metabolomics for the differential diagnosis of adrenal incidentalomas in the EURINE-ACT study: a prospective test validation study","volume":"8","author":"Bancos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e307","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz141","article-title":"Urine steroid metabolomics as a novel tool for detection of recurrent adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"105","author":"Chortis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0142","article-title":"Surgery for adrenocortical carcinoma in The Netherlands: analysis of the national cancer registry data","volume":"169","author":"Kerkhofs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-1096","article-title":"Adrenocortical carcinoma: is the surgical approach a risk factor of peritoneal carcinomatosis?","volume":"162","author":"Leboulleux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4026","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-013-3034-0","article-title":"Does laparoscopic adrenalectomy jeopardize oncologic outcomes for patients with adrenocortical carcinoma?","volume":"27","author":"Cooper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surg Endosc."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-015-3283-2","article-title":"Does lymphadenectomy improve survival in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma? A population-based study","volume":"40","author":"Nilubol","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Surg."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1549877","article-title":"Impact of regional lymph node dissection on disease specific survival in adrenal cortical carcinoma","volume":"47","author":"Saade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198403000-00001","article-title":"Comparative histologic study of 43 metastasizing and nonmetastasizing adrenocortical tumors","volume":"8","author":"Weiss","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198210000-00007","article-title":"Prognostic significance of morphologic parameters in renal cell carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Fuhrman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182152629","article-title":"Immunohistochemical distinction of primary adrenal cortical lesions from metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a study of 248 cases","volume":"35","author":"Sangoi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0b013e31828a96cf","article-title":"Adrenocortical carcinoma: a comprehensive immunohistochemical study of 40 cases","volume":"22","author":"Weissferdt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E161","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0653","article-title":"High diagnostic and prognostic value of steroidogenic factor-1 expression in adrenal tumors","volume":"95","author":"Sbiera","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3182","article-title":"Major prognostic role of Ki67 in localized adrenocortical carcinoma after complete resection","volume":"100","author":"Beuschlein","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv329","article-title":"Prognostic factors in stage III-IV adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC): an European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumor (ENSAT) study","volume":"26","author":"Lib\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000574","article-title":"An international Ki67 reproducibility study in adrenal cortical carcinoma","volume":"40","author":"Papathomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2015.10.017","article-title":"Comparison of the methods for measuring the Ki-67 labeling index in adrenocortical carcinoma: manual versus digital image analysis","volume":"53","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Pathol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0165","series-title":"AJCC Cancer Staging Manual.","article-title":"Adrenal cortical carcinoma","author":"Phan","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0467","article-title":"Management of adrenal incidentalomas: European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors","volume":"175","author":"Fassnacht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.235","article-title":"Adrenocortical carcinoma: a clinician\u2019s update","volume":"7","author":"Fassnacht","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23886","article-title":"Adrenocortical carcinoma in the United States: treatment utilization and prognostic factors","volume":"113","author":"Bilimoria","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-001-0047-y","article-title":"Adrenocortical carcinomas: surgical trends and results of a 253-patient series from the French Association of Endocrine Surgeons study group","volume":"25","author":"Icard","year":"2001","journal-title":"World J Surg."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4925","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0803","article-title":"Improved survival in patients with stage II adrenocortical carcinoma followed up prospectively by specialized centers","volume":"95","author":"Fassnacht","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2894","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of adjuvant mitotane therapy in patients with radically resected adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"102","author":"Berruti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2856","article-title":"Adjuvant therapies and patient and tumor characteristics associated with survival of adult patients with adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"99","author":"Else","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-009-0716-x","article-title":"Recurrence of adrenal cortical carcinoma following resection: surgery alone can achieve results equal to surgery plus mitotane","volume":"17","author":"Grubbs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.013","article-title":"Outcomes of adjuvant mitotane after resection of adrenocortical carcinoma: a 13-institution study by the U.S. Adrenocortical Carcinoma Group","volume":"222","author":"Postlewait","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2017.271106","article-title":"High-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) mass spectrometry urine steroid profiling in the diagnosis of adrenal disorders","volume":"63","author":"Hines","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chem."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000333","article-title":"Diagnosis of a malignant adrenal mass: the role of urinary steroid metabolite profiling","volume":"24","author":"Bancos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.38.1.43","article-title":"Sensitivity and predictive value of criteria for p53 germline mutation screening","volume":"38","author":"Chompret","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Med Genet."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0230","first-page":"1932","article-title":"P53 germline mutations in childhood cancers and cancer risk for carrier individuals","volume":"82","author":"Chompret","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Cancer."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0412","article-title":"Adrenocortical carcinoma and pregnancy: clinical and biological features and prognosis","volume":"163","author":"Abiven-Lepage","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4604","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2341","article-title":"Pregnancy in women previously treated for an adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"100","author":"de Corbi\u00e8re","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0245","first-page":"186","article-title":"Pregnancy in a patient with adrenocortical carcinoma during treatment with Mitotane - a case report","volume":"62","author":"Baszko-B\u0142aszyk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2839","article-title":"Pregnancy in a patient with adrenal carcinoma treated with mitotane: a case report and review of literature","volume":"98","author":"Tripto-Shkolnik","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2238","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2374","article-title":"Targeting estrogen receptor-alpha reduces adrenocortical cancer (ACC) cell growth in vitro and in vivo: potential therapeutic role of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for ACC treatment","volume":"97","author":"Sirianni","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe078087","article-title":"Adjuvant mitotane therapy of adrenal cancer -use and controversy","volume":"356","author":"Schteingart","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3895","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1367","article-title":"Mitotane inhibits sterol-O-acyl transferase 1 triggering lipid-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in adrenocortical carcinoma cells","volume":"156","author":"Sbiera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063360","article-title":"Adjuvant mitotane treatment for adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"356","author":"Terzolo","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3180","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003180","article-title":"Rapid and complete remission of metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma persisting 10 years after treatment with mitotane monotherapy: case report and review of the literature","volume":"95","author":"El Ghorayeb","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-02591","article-title":"Mitotane monotherapy in patients with advanced adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"103","author":"Megerle","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2281","article-title":"Comparison of two mitotane starting dose regimens in patients with advanced adreno-cortical carcinoma","volume":"98","author":"Kerkhofs","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2851","article-title":"Mitotane therapy in adrenocortical cancer induces CYP3A4 and inhibits 5alpha-reductase, explaining the need for personalized glucocorticoid and androgen replacement","volume":"98","author":"Chortis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-012-1802-y","article-title":"(18)F-FDG uptake at initial staging of the adrenocortical cancers: a diagnostic tool but not of prognostic value","volume":"37","author":"Tessonnier","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Surg."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2015.08.011","article-title":"Surgical management of adrenocortical carcinoma: an evidence-based approach","volume":"25","author":"Datta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg Oncol Clin North Am."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2013.06.033","article-title":"Operative intervention for recurrent adrenocortical cancer","volume":"154","author":"Dy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surgery."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2559","article-title":"The role of surgery in the management of recurrent adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"98","author":"Erdogan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2018.04.068","article-title":"Longitudinal patterns of recurrence in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"165","author":"Glenn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surgery."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-012-2358-7","article-title":"Resection of adrenocortical carcinoma liver metastasis: is it justified?","volume":"19","author":"Gaujoux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.23015","article-title":"Operative management for recurrent and metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"105","author":"Datrice","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-011-0094-2","article-title":"Therapeutic management of advanced adrenocortical carcinoma: what do we know in 2011?","volume":"2","author":"Baudin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm Cancer."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-015-0243-0","article-title":"5th International ACC Symposium: surgical considerations in the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma: 5th International ACC Symposium Session: Who, When and What Combination?","volume":"7","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm Cancer."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2019.04.012","article-title":"Adrenocortical cancer treatment","volume":"99","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2311031007","article-title":"Adrenal neoplasms: CT-guided radiofrequency ablation--preliminary results","volume":"231","author":"Mayo-Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11084","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation of adrenal tumors and adrenocortical carcinoma metastases","volume":"97","author":"Wood","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1564-z","article-title":"Liver resection and ablation for metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"18","author":"Ripley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1159\/000200804","article-title":"A twelve-year experience with adrenal cortical carcinoma in a single institution: long-term survival after surgical treatment and transcatheter arterial embolization","volume":"82","author":"Soga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urol Int."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0715-1946","article-title":"Advanced adrenocortical carcinoma - what to do when first-line therapy fails?","volume":"127","author":"Megerle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2017.06.010","article-title":"Surgical treatment of adrenal carcinoma","volume":"154","author":"Gaujoux","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Visc Surg."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0519","article-title":"Adrenocortical carcinoma: clinical outcomes and prognosis of 330 patients at a tertiary care center","volume":"169","author":"Ayala-Ramirez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-014-2484-4","article-title":"Borderline resectable adrenal cortical carcinoma: a potential role for preoperative chemotherapy","volume":"38","author":"Bednarski","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Surg."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2018.06.012","article-title":"A phase II trial of cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for recurrent adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"232","author":"Hughes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Surg Res."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2010.06.024","article-title":"Laparoscopic versus open adrenalectomy for adrenocortical carcinoma: surgical and oncologic outcome in 152 patients","volume":"58","author":"Brix","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Urol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-010-0532-2","article-title":"Laparoscopic resection is inappropriate in patients with known or suspected adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Surg."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200966","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"366","author":"Fassnacht","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4323","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01624","article-title":"Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in adrenocortical carcinoma: a multicenter study of efficacy and predictive factors","volume":"102","author":"Henning","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0918","article-title":"Phase II study of weekly paclitaxel and sorafenib as second\/third-line therapy in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"166","author":"Berruti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1419","article-title":"Sunitinib in refractory adrenocortical carcinoma: a phase II, single-arm, open-label trial","volume":"97","author":"Kroiss","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)70081-1","article-title":"Linsitinib (OSI-906) versus placebo for patients with locally advanced or metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma: a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study","volume":"16","author":"Fassnacht","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.46","article-title":"Insulin growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) antibody cixutumumab combined with the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus in patients with metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"108","author":"Naing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Cancer."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4131","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-3707","article-title":"Hepatocyte growth factor\/cMET pathway activation enhances cancer hallmarks in adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"75","author":"Phan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0424-9","article-title":"Avelumab in patients with previously treated metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma: phase 1b results from the JAVELIN solid tumor trial","volume":"6","author":"Le Tourneau","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6193","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00600","article-title":"Nivolumab in meta-static adrenocortical carcinoma: results of a phase 2 trial","volume":"104","author":"Carneiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01586","article-title":"PD-1 blockade in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"38","author":"Raj","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0722-x","article-title":"Phase II clinical trial of pembrolizumab efficacy and safety in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Habra","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2019-00305","article-title":"Response to immunotherapy in combination with mitotane in patients with metastatic adrenocortical cancer","volume":"3","author":"Head","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-019-0773-7","article-title":"Management of adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Jasim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24331","article-title":"Radiotherapy in adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"115","author":"Polat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2014.05.009","article-title":"Adrenocortical carcinoma: the management of metastatic disease","volume":"92","author":"Fay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2765","article-title":"&lsqb;131I]iodometomi-date for targeted radionuclide therapy of advanced adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"97","author":"Hahner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0026","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality of bone metastases in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma: a multi-center retrospective study","volume":"180","author":"Berruti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0485","first-page":"717","article-title":"Prognosis of patients with meta-static spinal cord compression from adrenocortical carcinoma","volume":"30","author":"Janssen","year":"2016","journal-title":"In Vivo."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2018.01.006","article-title":"A systematic review of palliative bone radiotherapy based on pain relief and retreatment rates","volume":"123","author":"Pin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.11.009","article-title":"Metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma to T12 vertebrae","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25499","article-title":"Timing of palliative care: when to call for a palliative care consult","volume":"120","author":"Schlick","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_175474","article-title":"Using the new ASCO clinical practice guideline for palliative care concurrent with oncology care using the TEAM approach","volume":"37","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-017-0600-y","article-title":"Telemedicine and palliative care: an increasing role in supportive oncology","volume":"19","author":"Worster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-5-1426","article-title":"Infusion of low dose etomidate: correction of hypercortisolemia in patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome and dose-response relationship in normal subjects","volume":"70","author":"Schulte","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3350","article-title":"Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2017.11.002","article-title":"Clinical, biochemical, and radiological characteristics of a single-center retrospective cohort of 705 large adrenal tumors","volume":"2","author":"I\u00f1iguez-Ariza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13117","article-title":"Procedural and clinical outcomes of percutaneous adrenal biopsy in a high-risk population for adrenal malignancy","volume":"85","author":"Delivanis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01532","article-title":"CT characteristics of pheochromocytoma: relevance for the evaluation of adrenal incidentaloma","volume":"104","author":"Canu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2011.608084","article-title":"Adrenal lesions in patients with extra-adrenal malignancy - benign or malignant?","volume":"51","author":"Hammarstedt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)41471-6","article-title":"Steroid content of the peripheral and adrenal vein in Cushing\u2019s syndrome due to adrenocortical adenoma and carcinoma","volume":"140","author":"Levine","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-1033","article-title":"Transcutaneous biopsy of adrenocortical carcinoma is rarely helpful in diagnosis, potentially harmful, but does not affect patient outcome","volume":"170","author":"Williams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R65","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0297","article-title":"Diagnosis of endocrine disease: the diagnostic performance of adrenal biopsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Bancos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199505000-00017","article-title":"Percutaneous CT-guided biopsy of adrenal masses: immediate and delayed complications","volume":"19","author":"Mody","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0565","first-page":"87","article-title":"Acta Med Indones.","volume":"41","author":"Ridho","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1177\/106689690401200304","article-title":"Adrenocortical oncocytic tumors: report of 10 cases and review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Bisceglia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000011","article-title":"Oncocytic lesions of the neuroendocrine system","volume":"21","author":"Canberk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Anat Pathol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2010.08.010","article-title":"Oncocytic adrenocortical neoplasms--a clinicopatho-logic study of 13 new cases emphasizing the importance of their recognition","volume":"42","author":"Wong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Pathol."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2019.05.049","article-title":"Oncocytic subtypes of adrenal cortical carcinoma: aggressive in appearance yet more indolent in behavior?","volume":"166","author":"Mills","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surgery."},{"key":"10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0077-8","article-title":"Clinicopathological description of 43 oncocytic adrenocortical tumors: importance of Ki-67 in histoprognostic evaluation","volume":"31","author":"Renaudin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mod Pathol."}],"container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X20481819?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X20481819?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:09:00Z","timestamp":1761516540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1530891X20481819"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1530891X20481819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4158\/dscr-2020-0567","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-891X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-891X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Disease State Clinical Review on the Evaluation and Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma in an Adult: a Practical Approach","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrine Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4158\/DSCR-2020-0567","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}