{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T05:39:48Z","timestamp":1789882788369,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aacejournalendocrinepractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"DOI":"10.4158\/ep161445.ra","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]],"date-time":"2016-11-07T12:46:24Z","timestamp":1478522784000},"page":"100-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Triglycerides, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Outcome Studies: Focus on Omega-3 Fatty Acids"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yehuda","family":"Handelsman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1126\/science.106.2748.190","article-title":"Atherosclerosis and alimentary hyperlipemia","volume":"106","author":"Moreton","year":"1947","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.60.3.473","article-title":"Atherogenesis: a postprandial phenomenon","volume":"60","author":"Zilversmit","year":"1979","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2013.140","article-title":"Demystifying the management of hypertriglyceridaemia","volume":"10","author":"Watts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S104369","article-title":"Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins as a causal factor for cardiovascular disease","volume":"12","author":"Toth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3H","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)91083-G","article-title":"Epidemiology of triglycerides: a view from Framingham","volume":"70","author":"Castelli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00159-2","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia and elevated lipoprotein(a) are risk factors for major coronary events in middle-aged men","volume":"77","author":"Assmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2678","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000145615.33955.83","article-title":"Serum triglycerides as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in the Asia-Pacific region","volume":"110","author":"Patel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.3.309","article-title":"Fasting compared with nonfasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in women","volume":"298","author":"Bansal","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.3.299","article-title":"Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and death in men and women","volume":"298","author":"Nordestgaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.804146","article-title":"Fasting and nonfasting lipid levels: influence of normal food intake on lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and cardiovascular risk prediction","volume":"118","author":"Langsted","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2010.02333.x","article-title":"Nonfasting cholesterol and triglycerides and association with risk of myocardial infarction and total mortality: the Copenhagen City Heart Study with 31 years of follow-up","volume":"270","author":"Langsted","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-302689","article-title":"Mortality risk of triglyceride levels in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"99","author":"Kasai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/00043798-199604000-00014","article-title":"Plasma triglyceride level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level: a meta-analysis of population-based prospective studies","volume":"3","author":"Hokanson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Risk"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7B","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00031-9","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia as a cardiovascular risk factor","volume":"81","author":"Austin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.637793","article-title":"Triglycerides and the risk of coronary heart disease: 10,158 incident cases among 262,525 participants in 29 Western prospective studies","volume":"115","author":"Sarwar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-12-159","article-title":"Effects of blood triglycerides on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 61 prospective studies","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.03.544","article-title":"Fasting triglycerides predict recurrent ischemic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with statins","volume":"65","author":"Schwartz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.115.002104","article-title":"Elevated triglyceride level is independently associated with increased all-cause mortality in patients with established coronary heart disease: twenty-two-year follow-up of the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention Study and Registry","volume":"9","author":"Klempfner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.621","article-title":"Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of ischemic stroke in the general population","volume":"300","author":"Freiberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.784","article-title":"Large-scale association analysis identifies 13 new susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease","volume":"43","author":"Schunkert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09270","article-title":"Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids","volume":"466","author":"Teslovich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2797","article-title":"Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels","volume":"45","author":"Willer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2795","article-title":"Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease","volume":"45","author":"Do","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs431","article-title":"Genetically elevated non-fasting triglycerides and calculated remnant cholesterol as causal risk factors for myocardial infarction","volume":"34","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.1026","article-title":"Remnant cholesterol as a causal risk factor for ischemic heart disease","volume":"61","author":"Varbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003008","article-title":"Elevated remnant cholesterol causes both low-grade inflammation and ischemic heart disease, whereas elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol causes ischemic heart disease without inflammation","volume":"128","author":"Varbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2013.219881","article-title":"Low nonfasting triglycerides and reduced all-cause mortality: a mendelian randomization study","volume":"60","author":"Thomsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht571","article-title":"Mendelian randomization of blood lipids for coronary heart disease","volume":"36","author":"Holmes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.22.2901","article-title":"Lipoprotein lipase mutations, plasma lipids and lipoproteins, and risk of ischemic heart disease. A meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Wittrup","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1161524","article-title":"A null mutation in human APOC3 confers a favorable plasma lipid profile and apparent cardioprotection","volume":"322","author":"Pollin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1308027","article-title":"Loss-of-function mutations in APOC3 and risk of ischemic vascular disease","volume":"371","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307095","article-title":"Loss-of-function mutations in APOC3, triglycerides, and coronary disease","volume":"371","author":"Crosby","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.08.866","article-title":"Association of APOC3 loss-of-function mutations with plasma lipids and subclinical atherosclerosis","volume":"66","author":"Natarajan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13917","article-title":"Exome sequencing identifies rare LDLR and APOA5 alleles conferring risk for myocardial infarction","volume":"518","author":"Do","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1510926","article-title":"Inactivating variants in ANGPTL4 and risk of coronary artery disease","volume":"374","author":"Dewey","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507652","article-title":"Coding variation in ANGPTL4, LPL, and SVEP1 and the risk of coronary disease","volume":"374","author":"Stitziel","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.305172","article-title":"Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and coronary artery disease risk: new insights from human genetics","volume":"35","author":"Khetarpal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-011-0220-3","article-title":"The role of triglycerides in atherosclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Talayero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.82a.13157","article-title":"Is tryglyceride therapy worth the effort?","volume":"82","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M600159-JLR200","article-title":"The role of lipolysis in mediating the proinflammatory effects of very low density lipoproteins in mouse peritoneal macrophages","volume":"47","author":"Saraswathi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.002","article-title":"2013 ACC\/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"63","author":"Stone","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0215","first-page":"129","article-title":"2013 Report on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in adults: full panel report supplement [online supplement]","author":"Stone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2014.07.007","article-title":"National Lipid Association recommendations for patient-centered management of dyslipidemia: part 1\u2013executive summary","volume":"8","author":"Jacobson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4158\/EP15672.GLSUPPL","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology - clinical practice guidelines for developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan\u20132015","volume":"21","author":"Handelsman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0230","series-title":"Crestor [package insert]","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0235","series-title":"Lipitor [package insert]","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0240","series-title":"Mevacor [package insert]","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3213","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"97","author":"Berglund","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0250","series-title":"Niaspan [package insert]","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0255","series-title":"Trilipix [package insert]","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0260","series-title":"Lovaza [package insert]","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0265","series-title":"Epanova [package insert]","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0270","series-title":"Omtryg [package insert]","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0275","series-title":"Vascepa [package insert]","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/00043798-199710000-00011","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of Omacor in severe hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"4","author":"Harris","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Risk"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(98)00301-3","article-title":"Correlation of serum triglyceride and its reduction by omega-3 fatty acids with lipid transfer activity and the neutral lipid compositions of high-density and low-density lipoproteins","volume":"143","author":"Pownall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2013.10.003","article-title":"Omega-3 free fatty acids for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia: the EpanoVa fOr Lowering Very high triglyceridEs (EVOLVE) trial","volume":"8","author":"Kastelein","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2013.07.420","article-title":"A highly bioavailable omega-3 free fatty acid formulation improves the cardiovascular risk profile in high-risk, statin-treated patients with residual hypertriglyceridemia (the ESPRIT trial)","volume":"35","author":"Maki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.04.015","article-title":"Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (AMR101) therapy in patients with very high triglyceride levels (from the Multi-center, plAcebo-controlled, Randomized, double-blINd, 12-week study with an open-label Extension [MARINE] trial)","volume":"108","author":"Bays","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.05.031","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (AMR101) therapy in statin-treated patients with persistent high triglycerides (from the ANCHOR study)","volume":"110","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.035","article-title":"Biologic plausibility, cellular effects, and molecular mechanisms of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in atherosclerosis","volume":"242","author":"Borow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.06.063","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: effects on risk factors, molecular pathways, and clinical events","volume":"58","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198711123172001","article-title":"Helsinki Heart Study: primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease","volume":"317","author":"Frick","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908053410604","article-title":"Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group","volume":"341","author":"Rubins","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.1.21","article-title":"Secondary prevention by raising HDL cholesterol and reducing triglycerides in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"102","author":"BIP Study Group","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67667-2","article-title":"Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial","volume":"366","author":"Keech","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001282","article-title":"Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"362","author":"Ginsberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0332-6","article-title":"Bezafibrate for the treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with coronary artery disease: 20-year mortality follow-up of the BIP randomized control trial","volume":"15","author":"Arbel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-s203","article-title":"The ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes) Lipid trial: what we learn from subgroup analyses","volume":"34","author":"Ginsberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A15997","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.132.suppl_3.15997","article-title":"The effect of combined statin\/fibrate therapy on cardiovascular disease is influenced by sex and dyslipidemia: ACCORDION-lipid long-term follow-up [abstract 15997]","volume":"132","author":"Elam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1006407","article-title":"Combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes","volume":"363","author":"Sacks","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107579","article-title":"Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy","volume":"365","author":"Boden","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1300955","article-title":"Effects of extended-release niacin with laropiprant in high-risk patients","volume":"371","author":"Landray","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl E","key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/11.suppl_E.20","article-title":"Extracellular lipid deposition in atherosclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Guyton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht055","article-title":"HPS2-THRIVE randomized placebo-controlled trial in 25 673 high-risk patients of ER niacin\/laropiprant: trial design, pre-specified muscle and liver outcomes, and reasons for stopping study treatment","volume":"34","author":"HPS2-THRIVE Collaborative Group","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011090","article-title":"Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease","volume":"345","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907569","article-title":"Extended-release niacin or ezetimibe and carotid intima-media thickness","volume":"361","author":"Taylor","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60527-3","article-title":"Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis","volume":"369","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)07072-5","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico","volume":"354","author":"GISSI-Prevenzione Investigators","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61239-8","article-title":"Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with chronic heart failure (the GISSI-HF trial): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"372","author":"Tavazzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.948562","article-title":"OMEGA, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to test the effect of highly purified omega-3 fatty acids on top of modern guideline-adjusted therapy after myocardial infarction","volume":"122","author":"Rauch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003603","article-title":"n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction","volume":"363","author":"Kromhout","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1203859","article-title":"n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with dysglycemia","volume":"367","author":"Bosch","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e328339cc70","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation and all-cause mortality in elderly men at high cardiovascular risk","volume":"17","author":"Einvik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0430","first-page":"325","article-title":"Effect of diet or very long chain omega-3 fatty acids on progression of atherosclerosis, evaluated by carotid plaques, intima-media thickness and by pulse wave propagation in elderly men with hypercholesterolaemia","volume":"13","author":"Hjerkinn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1205409","article-title":"n-3 fatty acids in patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"368","author":"Risk and Prevention Study Collaborative Group","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.06.003","article-title":"Effects of EPA on coronary artery disease in hypercholesterolemic patients with multiple risk factors: sub-analysis of primary prevention cases from the Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study (JELIS)","volume":"200","author":"Saito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.01.060","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of B-vitamins and\/or N-3 fatty acids: the Su.Fol.Om3 trial","volume":"167","author":"Blacher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-305257","article-title":"\u03c9-3 Fatty acids, atherosclerosis progression and cardiovascular outcomes in recent trials: new pieces in a complex puzzle","volume":"100","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2217\/clp.15.1","article-title":"Why are there inconsistencies in the outcomes of some omega-3 fatty acid trials for the management of cardiovascular disease?","volume":"10","author":"Shaikh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0460","first-page":"141","article-title":"Are n-3 fatty acids still cardioprotective?","volume":"16","author":"Harris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-13-26","article-title":"Residual macrovascular risk in 2013: what have we learned?","volume":"13","author":"Fruchart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1410489","article-title":"Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes","volume":"372","author":"Cannon","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A12007","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.132.suppl_3.12007","article-title":"Combination therapy of eicosapentaenoic acid and pitavastatin for coronary plaque regression evaluated by integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasonography: a randomized controlled trial [abstract 12007]","volume":"132","author":"Ando","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-15-0813","article-title":"Effects of the addition of eicosapentaenoic acid to strong statin therapy on inflammatory cytokines and coronary plaque components assessed by integrated backscatter intravascular ultra-sound","volume":"80","author":"Niki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1400283","article-title":"Antisense inhibition of apolipoprotein C-III in patients with hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"373","author":"Gaudet","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0490","first-page":"287","article-title":"Icosapent ethyl (eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester): effects on apolipoprotein C-III in patients from the MARINE and ANCHOR studies [abstract P1679]","volume":"36","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2013.09.002","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of TAK-085 in Japanese subjects with hypertriglyceridemia undergoing lifestyle modification: the omega-3 fatty acids randomized long-term (ORL) study","volume":"7","author":"Tatsuno","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-5922.12146","article-title":"Effect of TAK-085 on low-density lipoprotein particle size in patients with hypertriglyceridemia: a double-blind randomized clinical study","volume":"33","author":"Tatsuno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-015-0100-8","article-title":"Effects of omega-3 carboxylic acids on lipoprotein particles and other cardiovascular risk markers in high-risk statin-treated patients with residual hypertriglyceridemia: a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial","volume":"14","author":"Dunbar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"10.4158\/EP161445.RA_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.09.028","article-title":"Fatty acid-binding protein-2 genotype influences lipid and lipoprotein response to eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in hypertriglyceridemic subjects","volume":"26","author":"Pishva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrition"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X20352678?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X20352678?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:03:34Z","timestamp":1761516214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1530891X20352678"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1530891X20352678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4158\/ep161445.ra","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-891X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-891X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Triglycerides, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Outcome Studies: Focus on Omega-3 Fatty Acids","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrine Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4158\/EP161445.RA","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}