{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:36:15Z","timestamp":1791272175258,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The testis is an immunologically privileged organ. Sertoli cells can form a blood\u2010testis barrier and protect sperm cells from self\u2010immune system attacks. Spermatogenesis may be inhibited by severe illness, bacterial infections and chronic inflammatory diseases but the mechanism(s) is poorly understood. Our objective is to help in understanding such mechanism(s) to develop protective agents against temporary or permanent testicular dysfunction. Lipopolysaccaride (LPS) is used as a model of animal sepsis while L\u2010carnitine (LCR) is used as a protective agent. A total of 60 male Swiss albino rats were divided into four groups (15\/group). The control group received Saline; the 2<jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup> group was given LCR (500 mg\/kg i.p, once). The third group was treated with LPS (5 mg\/kg i.p once) and the fourth group received LCR then LPS after three hours. From each group, five rats were used for histopathological examination. Biochemical parameters were assessed in the remaining ten rats. At the end of the experiment, animals were lightly anaesthetized with ether where blood samples were collected and testes were dissected on ice. Sperm count and motility were evaluated from cauda epididymis in each animal. Also, oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring testicular contents of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8\u2010hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8\u2010HDG, the DNA adduct for oxidative damage) in testicular DNA. The pro\u2010inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) in addition to lactate dehydrogenase (LDHx) isoenzyme\u2010x activity as an indicator for normal spermatozoal metabolism were assessed in testicular homogenate. Serum interlukin (IL)\u20102 level was also assessed as a marker for T\u2010helper cell function. The obtained data revealed that LPS induced marked reductions in sperm\u2032s count and motility, obstruction in seminiferous tubules, hypospermia and dilated congested blood vessels in testicular sections concomitant with decreased testicular GSH content and LDHx activity. Moreover, the testicular levels of MDA, 8\u2010HDG (in testicular DNA) and NO as well as serum IL\u20102 level were increased. Administration of LCR before LPS returned both sperm count and motility to normal levels. Also, contents of testicular GSH, MDA, 8\u2010HDG and NO returned back to the corresponding control values. In addition, serum IL\u20102 level as well as histological abnormalities were markedly improved in LCR + LPS\u2010treated rats. In conclusion, LPS increased proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the testis leading to a marked testicular dysfunction. L\u2010carnitine administration ameliorates these effects by antioxidant and\/or anti\u2010inflammatory mechanisms suggesting a protective role against male infertility in severely infected or septic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4161\/oxim.2.2.8177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,11]],"date-time":"2010-08-11T15:39:54Z","timestamp":1281541194000},"page":"73-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Pro\u2010Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Pathways which Compromise Sperm Motility and Survival May Be Altered by L\u2010Carnitine"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Adel R. A.","family":"Abd-Allah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gouda K.","family":"Helal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz A.","family":"Al-Yahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz M.","family":"Aleisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim S.","family":"Al-Rejaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh A.","family":"Al-Bakheet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,16]]},"container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2009\/746518.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4161\/oxim.2.2.8177","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:55:35Z","timestamp":1723078535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.4161\/oxim.2.2.8177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.4161\/oxim.2.2.8177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/oxim.2.2.8177","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-0900","1942-0994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-0900","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-0994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-02-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-02-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-02-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}