{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T02:27:23Z","timestamp":1782527243451,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Korean Society of Epidemiology","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05\/311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05\/311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foundation for Research and Technology","award":["MAUX0401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAUX0401"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003524","name":"Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MAUX1205; MAUX1403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAUX1205; MAUX1403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003524","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-epih.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES: The incidence of multimorbidity (MM) and its correlates among older adults remain poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with MM in New Zealand.METHODS: People aged 55-70 years were invited to participate in a population-based cohort study, the Health Work and Retirement Study, in 2006. Those who accepted the invitation and completed the baseline questionnaire were followed up on a biennial basis. Data on socio-demographic factors, health and lifestyle behaviours, and diagnoses of chronic diseases were obtained from baseline and 6 waves of follow-up. Generalised estimating equations (GEE) adjusted for both time-constant and time-varying factors were used to model factors associated with the onset of MM.RESULTS: A total of 1,673 participants (with 0 or 1 chronic condition) contributed to an overall 8,616 person-years of observation. There were 590 new cases of MM over 10 years of follow-up, corresponding to an overall incidence of 68.5 per 1,000 person-years. The results of the age- and sex-adjusted GEE analysis showed that age, ethnicity, living alone, obesity, hypertension, and having 1 chronic condition at baseline were significant predictors of MM onset. Higher education, income, physical activity, and regular alcohol consumption were protective factors. In a fully adjusted model, marital status (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.37; p=0.039), hypertension (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.48; p=0.032) and having 1 chronic condition at baseline (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 2.33 to 3.67; p&lt;0.001) remained significant.CONCLUSIONS: The higher incidence of MM among M\u0101ori people, socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, those with low physical activity, and obese individuals highlights the importance of targeted prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2020001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T09:07:20Z","timestamp":1577696840000},"page":"e2020001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4178\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with multimorbidity in New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.4178","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Nayyereh","family":"Aminisani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Alpass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Morteza","family":"Shamshirgaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2679","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2011.03.003"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2008.02017.x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S97248"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-2-51"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp12X636146"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-015-0355-9"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2016.07.008"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1337"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103120"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.07.009"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2015.02.012"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-016-0330-9"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw146"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490912400320"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.35.6.01"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-384"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-313"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11606\/S1518-8787.2018052000215"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/PY18075"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Chronic diseases and conditions related to alcohol use","author":"Shield","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-015-0313-y"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-epih.org\/upload\/pdf\/epih-42-e2020001.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T08:06:06Z","timestamp":1588147566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-epih.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4178\/epih.e2020001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]]},"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4178\/epih.e2020001","relation":{},"ISSN":["2092-7193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2092-7193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-08-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}