{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:49:40Z","timestamp":1790855380450,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Korean Society of Epidemiology","content-domain":{"domain":["e-epih.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the present status of amoebiasis in Thi-Qar Province in southern Iraq, and to determine the presence of &lt;i&gt;Entamoeba histolytica&lt;\/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Entamoeba dispar&lt;\/i&gt; with nested and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).METHODS: Epidemiological data were obtained from the public health department of the Thi-Qar Health Office (2015-2020). Eighty stool samples were also randomly collected from patients \u226412 year of age with diarrhea at 2 hospitals between the beginning of February 2020 and the end of October 2020. These samples were selected after microscopy to identify the &lt;i&gt;18S rRNA&lt;\/i&gt; gene in &lt;i&gt;Entamoeba&lt;\/i&gt; DNA.RESULTS: Of the 341,554 cases of intestinal parasitic infections, 38,004 (11.1%) individuals were recorded as having amoebiasis, which accounted for the highest proportion of infections in 2015 (26.1%) and the lowest in 2020 (8.1%). Amoebiasis was distributed among all age groups, with the age group of 5-14 years accounting for the highest proportion (27.3%). In molecular testing, 42 (52.5%) out of 80 samples were positive for the &lt;i&gt;18S rRNA&lt;\/i&gt; gene (888 bp). Using nested PCR, &lt;i&gt;E. histolytica&lt;\/i&gt; (439 bp) was detected in 25 (31.3%) samples and &lt;i&gt;E. dispar&lt;\/i&gt; (174 bp) in 14 (17.5%), while using real-time PCR, &lt;i&gt;E. histolytica&lt;\/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;E. dispar&lt;\/i&gt; were detected in 28 (35.0%) and 15 (18.8%) samples, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological data confirmed that amoebiasis is endemic in this province, and is not limited to certain months. Our study confirms the applicability of molecular identification to detect pathogenic and non-pathogenic &lt;i&gt;Entamoeba&lt;\/i&gt; to prescribe the appropriate drug.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2021034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T01:20:51Z","timestamp":1620350451000},"page":"e2021034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4178\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The epidemiology of amoebiasis in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq (2015-2020): differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar using nested and real-time polymerase chain reaction"],"prefix":"10.4178","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9824-6778","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammed 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