{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:17:49Z","timestamp":1788347869366,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Korean Society of Epidemiology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government-wide R&D Fund Project for Infectious Disease Research","award":["HG18C00880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HG18C00880"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-epih.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES: This study examined how trends in the weekly frequencies of gastrointestinal infectious diseases changed before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Korea, and compared them with the trends in the United States.METHODS: We compared the weekly frequencies of gastrointestinal infectious diseases (16 bacterial and 6 viral diseases) in Korea during weeks 5-52 before and after COVID-19. In addition, the weekly frequencies of 5 gastrointestinal infectious diseases in the United States (data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) that overlapped with those in Korea were compared.RESULTS: The mean weekly number of total cases of gastrointestinal infectious diseases in Korea showed a significant decrease (from 522 before COVID-19 to 245 after COVID-19, p&lt;0.01). Only bacterial gastrointestinal infectious diseases caused by &lt;i&gt;Campylobacter&lt;\/i&gt; increased significantly; other bacterial gastrointestinal infectious diseases showed either a decrease or no change. The incidence of all other viral diseases decreased. In the United States, the weekly numbers of &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;\/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Campylobacter&lt;\/i&gt;, typhoid, shigellosis, and hepatitis A virus cases sharply decreased after the COVID-19 outbreak. The weekly case numbers of all viral diseases markedly decreased in both countries; however, bacterial gastrointestinal infectious diseases showed a different pattern.CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of gastrointestinal infectious diseases decreased after the COVID-19 outbreak. In contrast, &lt;i&gt;Campylobacter&lt;\/i&gt; infections showed an increasing trend in Korea, but a decreasing trend in the United States. Further studies are needed to elucidate the different trends in bacterial and viral infectious diseases before and after non-pharmaceutical interventions and between different countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2022011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T04:12:41Z","timestamp":1641183161000},"page":"e2022011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4178\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Trends in gastrointestinal infections before and during non-pharmaceutical interventions in Korea in comparison with the United States"],"prefix":"10.4178","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9158-5590","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Soyeoun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2740-7535","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinhyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0115-5736","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bo Youl","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1902-3184","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Boyoung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2679","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"WHO Director-General\u2019s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 30 March 2020 [cited 2021 Jun 10]"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81442-x"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Coronavirus (COVID-19), Republic of Korea [cited 2020 Jun 11]"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01791-8"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2706.210135"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act [cited 2021 Nov 22]"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4178\/epih\/e2014030"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2017033"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Infectious disease portal [cited 2021 Jun 10]"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Notifiable infectious disease data tables","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491412900206"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Summary of notifiable diseases--United States, 2012","author":"Adams","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"ciab529","volume-title":"Reporting of infectious diseases in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Crane","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6914e4"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06760-y"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173996"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060518776451"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24171\/j.phrp.2021.12.2.04"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13585"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00273"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5124\/jkma.2014.57.2.167"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.10.042"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"Guideline for water &amp; foodborne diseases prevention and control 2022 [cited 2021 Jun 10]"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-epih.org\/upload\/pdf\/epih-44-e2022011.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-epih.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4178\/epih.e2022011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-epih.org\/upload\/pdf\/epih-44-e2022011.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T00:57:27Z","timestamp":1692925047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-epih.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4178\/epih.e2022011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"references-count":23,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4178\/epih.e2022011","relation":{},"ISSN":["2092-7193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2092-7193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}