{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T13:54:32Z","timestamp":1793714072734,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Korean Society of Epidemiology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-epih.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES: We investigated trends in obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the Korean adult population.METHODS: Data from 60,098 participants in the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey between 2011 and 2020 aged \u226519 were used. The age-standardized prevalence and annual percent changes (APCs) were calculated for obesity (body mass index \u226525 kg\/m2), hypertension (systolic\/diastolic blood pressure \u2265140\/90 mmHg or under treatment), diabetes (hemoglobin A1c \u22656.5%, fasting glucose \u2265126 mg\/dL, physician diagnosis, or under treatment), and hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol \u2265240 mg\/dL or under treatment).RESULTS: Over the past decade (2011-2020), the age-standardized APCs (95% confidence intervals) for obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia were 3.0% (2.1 to 3.8), 0.1% (-1.3 to 1.5), 1.5% (-1.0 to 4.0) and 8.0% (5.7 to 10.3), respectively, in men; and -0.2% (-1.5 to 1.2), -0.5% (-1.9 to 0.9), -0.1% (-2.3 to 2.2) and 5.9% (3.9 to 8.0), respectively, in women. In 2020 compared to the previous 3 years (2017-2019), obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia increased in men (6.0, 1.8, 1.9, and 2.8%p, respectively), but an increase was not apparent in women (2.5, -1.1, 0.8, and 0.7%p, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: An increase in major chronic diseases was observed in Korean adults, especially men, during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to reduce the burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the future, effective intervention strategies need to be developed according to the characteristics of the target groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2022041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T23:49:40Z","timestamp":1652140180000},"page":"e2022041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4178\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia in Korean adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a special report of the 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey"],"prefix":"10.4178","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6574-1414","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ga Bin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8418-0074","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yoonjung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8134-8436","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suyeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7867-1240","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyeon Chang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8097-6078","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyungwon","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2679","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1204","volume-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"2982","volume-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study","author":"Roth","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1513","volume-title":"Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.115.018912"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0387-z"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2020-000960"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020671"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa336"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.118.312669"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt228"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2021025"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2021028"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes21022"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40885-021-00166-2"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2021.0156"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12997\/jla.2021.10.2.202"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5460"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-021-01105-y"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2020.104853"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0387-z"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000440"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487320916823"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Physical activity and aging: a life-long story","author":"Charansonney","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Stress and coping in the time of COVID-19: pathways to resilience and recovery","author":"Polizzi","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30460-8"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789x.2001.00027.x"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Employment rate (indicator)","author":"Organisation for Eco","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"837","volume-title":"Depression as a risk factor for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 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