{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T17:15:28Z","timestamp":1774026928892,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Korean Society of Epidemiology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1C1C2094375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1C1C2094375"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-epih.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES: The consumption, sales, and output of tobacco products each suggest different areas of intervention for tobacco control. In the era of the tobacco endgame, as increasingly stronger supply-side measures are implemented, multifaceted indicators that assess both supply and\/or demand are required. We aimed to estimate the consumption of cigarette and heated tobacco products (HTPs) and sought agreement between the various indicators.METHODS: The annual cigarette and HTP consumption in 2014-2020 was calculated using the frequency and intensity of cigarette use from representative surveys of adults and adolescents by sex and age. Sales and output data were acquired from governmental sources. Spearman correlation coefficients and Bland\u2013Altman plots were used to compare the indicators.RESULTS: Tobacco output, cigarette sales, and cigarette consumption were greatest in 2014. The HTP consumption calculated for 2020 was 292.28 million packs. Cigarette consumption and sales correlated significantly, as did tobacco output and tobacco sales. A Bland\u2013Altman plot comparing the difference between cigarette consumption and sales showed that this difference was largest in 2014, immediately before cigarette prices increased. With the exception of a single year, all cigarette consumption values were within the limits of agreement for cigarette sales and tobacco output.CONCLUSIONS: Our analyses showed agreement between demand-side (tobacco consumption) and supply-side (sales and output) indicators. We recommend using all indicators to monitor the impacts of tobacco control on both demand and supply sides. The systematic use of various indicators is critical to achieve the end of the tobacco epidemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2023030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T04:21:43Z","timestamp":1678940503000},"page":"e2023030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4178\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Tobacco consumption, sales, and output as monitoring indicators in the era of the tobacco endgame: a Korean example"],"prefix":"10.4178","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3669-6615","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hana","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1188-6807","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hee-kyoung","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1519-5678","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heewon","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2679","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2015-052356"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Analysis of changes in tobacco sales and smoking rates","author":"Jo","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4950-z"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"A study on the estimation of medium-term tobacco carrying-out volume","author":"Jo","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Tobacco output, as a representative indicator for tobacco consumption","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Comparative study of the change of tobacco consumption according the smoke prevalence surveys on with the company\u2019s sales record [dissertation]","author":"Kim","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx196"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071466"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284692"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021: addressing new and emerging products","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1561","volume-title":"Trend in tobacco use behaviors among Korean adults, 2013-2018: comparison with tobacco sales","author":"Lee","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Tobacco market trends in 2021","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"The Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjem.2018.09.001"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2022024"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/096228099673819272"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Smokers hoard cigarettes ahead of price hike","author":"Jung"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5993\/ajhb.45.2.1"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2019.0011"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2009.034132"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4163\/jnh.2018.51.6.567"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5762\/kais.2022.23.12.525"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"\u201cIf you join the military, you learn to smoke\u201d... It\u2019s an old saying now, \u201csoldier smoking prevalence 39.0%.\u201d","author":"Kim"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Smoking prevalence of soldiers decreased by 40.7% in 2019, 0.3%p compared to previous year","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"The 2020-2024 defense mid-term plan","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-014-0156-z"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15040689"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12971-016-0073-z"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15709\/hswr.2019.39.2.103"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7465\/jkdi.2020.31.3.511"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Prosecutors seek a fine of 100 billion won for BAT Korea","author":"Kim"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25055\/jksrnt.2019.10.2.106"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03007.x"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"81","volume-title":"The impact of tax increases on cigarette smoking: new evidence from time series data","author":"Youn","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"1077","volume-title":"Study on tobacco stockpiling in anticipation of higher price","author":"Yang","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-020-00595-y"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"Cigarette hoarding in the shadow of a strong tobacco control policy","author":"Park"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Comprehensive tobacco control plan for eradication of smoking inducing environment","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"Korea minting, security printing &amp; ID card operating corporation","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/e-epih.org\/upload\/pdf\/epih-45-e2023030.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-epih.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4178\/epih.e2023030","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/e-epih.org\/upload\/pdf\/epih-45-e2023030.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T04:56:09Z","timestamp":1708404969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/e-epih.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4178\/epih.e2023030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"references-count":40,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4178\/epih.e2023030","relation":{},"ISSN":["2092-7193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2092-7193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}