{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T06:59:36Z","timestamp":1785481176108,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Korean Society of Epidemiology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-epih.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with the risk of developing Parkinson disease (PD) among Korean adults using the National Health Insurance Service\u2013National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC).METHODS: We analyzed 363,602 adults aged \u226540 years without a prior diagnosis of PD who underwent national health examinations between 2010 and 2014, using data from the NHIS-NSC version 2.2 database. Participants were categorized into MetS and non-MetS groups and were followed from the baseline examination until PD diagnosis, death, or December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with sequential adjustment for covariates.RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 8.2 years, 2,834 incident PD cases were identified. In the fully adjusted Cox model, MetS was associated with a significantly higher risk of developing PD (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.31). Among the individual MetS components, abdominal obesity (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.29) and elevated fasting blood glucose (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.29) were significantly associated with an increased risk of PD. PD incidence also increased as the number of MetS components increased (log-rank p&lt;0.001).CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that MetS and its components, particularly abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia, are associated with an increased risk of PD. Effective management of MetS may therefore help reduce the future burden of PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2026024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T02:39:56Z","timestamp":1780886396000},"page":"e2026024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4178\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk of Parkinson disease according to metabolic syndrome among Korean adults: an analysis of data from the National Health Insurance\u2013National Sample Cohort"],"prefix":"10.4178","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8902-7758","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Je-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0911-4576","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hae-Sung","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1984-1710","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ju-Mi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2679","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.13"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2022-0093"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07824.x"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4041-1"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/729194"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002640"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2020.0060"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.722836"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.07.017"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv319"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes23031"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181a819a1"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1094778"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-024-03820-y"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000214033"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.034"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000409"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262412163"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17340\/jkna.2019.4.1"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-091525"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103881"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.e-epih.org\/upload\/pdf\/epih-48-e2026024.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.e-epih.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4178\/epih.e2026024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.e-epih.org\/upload\/pdf\/epih-48-e2026024.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T06:27:51Z","timestamp":1785479271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.e-epih.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.4178\/epih.e2026024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"references-count":23,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4178\/epih.e2026024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2092-7193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2092-7193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}