{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T05:08:10Z","timestamp":1789880890900,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Asian Spine Journal (ASJ)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]],"date-time":"2017-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asianspinejournal.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asian Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]]},"abstract":"<sec><title>Study Design<\/title><p>In vivo biomechanical study using a three-dimensional (3D) musculoskeletal model for elderly individuals with or without pelvic retroversion.<\/p><\/sec><sec><title>Purpose<\/title><p>To evaluate the effect of pelvic retroversion on the sagittal alignment of the spine, pelvis, and lower limb in elderly females while standing and walking.<\/p><\/sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature<\/title><p>Patients with hip\u2013spine syndrome have concurrent hip-joint and spine diseases. However, the dynamic sagittal alignment between the hip joint and spine has rarely been investigated. We used a 3D musculoskeletal model to evaluate global spinopelvic parameters, including spinal inclination and pelvic tilt (PT).<\/p><\/sec><sec><title>Methods<\/title><p>A total of 32 ambulant females (mean age=78 years) without assistance were enrolled in the study. On the basis of the radiographic measurement for PT, participants were divided into the pelvic retroversion group (R-group; PT\u226520\u00b0) and the normal group (N-group; PT&lt;20\u00b0). A 3D musculoskeletal motion analysis system was used to analyze the calculated value for the alignment of spine, pelvis, and lower limb, including calculated (C)-PT, sagittal vertical axis (C-SVA), pelvic incidence, lumbar lordosis, T1 pelvic angle (C-TPA), as well as knee and hip flexion angles while standing and walking.<\/p><\/sec><sec><title>Results<\/title><p>While standing, C-PT and C-TPA in the R-group were significantly larger than those in the N-group. Hip angle was significantly smaller in the R-group than in the N-group, unlike knee angle, which did not show difference. While walking, C-SVA and C-TPA were significantly increased, whereas C-PT decreased compared with those while standing. The maximum hip-flexion angle was significantly smaller in the R-group than in the N-group. There was a significant correlation between the radiographic and calculated parameters.<\/p><\/sec><sec><title>Conclusions<\/title><p>The 3D musculoskeletal model was useful in evaluating the sagittal alignment of the spine, pelvis, and leg. Spinopelvic sagittal alignment showed deterioration while walking. C-PT was significantly decreased while walking in the R-group, indicating possible compensatory mechanisms attempting to increase coverage of the femoral head. The reduction in the hip flexion angle in the R-group was also considered as a compensatory mechanism.<\/p><\/sec><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2017.11.4.562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,28]],"date-time":"2017-08-28T04:14:22Z","timestamp":1503893662000},"page":"562-569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31616\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Evaluation of Sagittal Spine-Pelvis-Lower Limb Alignment in Elderly Women with Pelvic Retroversion while Standing and Walking Using a Three-Dimensional Musculoskeletal 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and validation of a novel three-dimentional trunk musculoskeletal model","author":"Hatakeyama","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"","author":"Hada","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Motion analysis of anterior inclination of the trunk while standing using a new three-dimensional musculoskeletal model combining the trunk and lower limbs","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)00017-C"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00222-6"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000155425.04536.f7"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181aad219"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000382"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(71)90041-8"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"321","volume-title":"Posterior pelvic tilt in patients with decreased lumbar lordosis decreases acetabular femoral head covering","author":"Watanabe","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4648-4"}],"container-title":["Asian Spine 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