{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:42:26Z","timestamp":1777891346105,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arterial blood sampling is subject to numerous pre-analytical errors, one of which is inadvertent venous blood sampling. Especially when assessing oxygenation and titrating ventilation, accidental venous blood sampling may lead to inappropriate respiratory care and repeated percutaneous punctures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the effects of mean systemic blood pressure and needle size on vented arterial sampler filling times, to distinguish venous and arterial sampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We constructed an extracorporeal laboratory model to circulate whole blood at 4 L\/min. We used hemostats to create 6 pressures: 57 mm Hg (representing a patient in shock), 70 mm Hg (representing a patient with low-normal blood pressure), 93 mm Hg (normal), 107 mm Hg (high-normal), 133 mm Hg (severe hypertension), and 14 (peripheral venous pressure). We simulated percutaneous punctures with vented arterial samplers preset to 2 mL, with 2 common sampling needles. We compared the filling times of each pressure\/needle combination and determined the correlation between the mean pressure and filling time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For all the tested arterial pressures combined, the mean \u00b1 SD sampler filling time was 15.8 \u00b1 0.4 s; for venous pressures the time was 51.4 \u00b1 1.4 s (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). With the 22-gauge\/1.5-inch needles the sampler filling time was 22.2 \u00b1 14.9 s. With the 23-gauge\/1-inch needle the time was 21.4 \u00b1 13.1 s (difference not significant). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the mean blood pressures and the sampler filling times was r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = \u22120.86 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower blood pressure increased the sampler filling time. Measuring the filling time may enable therapists to confirm successful arterial puncture in adult patients. Confirming successful arterial puncture prior to blood analysis would expedite appropriate patient care decisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.00788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]],"date-time":"2011-04-18T08:21:10Z","timestamp":1303114870000},"page":"456-459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Mean Arterial Pressure and Needle Size on Arterial Sampler Filling Time"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Kimberly L","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Therapy, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley J","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Therapy, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine A","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Therapy, Grant Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F Herbert","family":"Douce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Therapy Division of the School of Allied Medical Professions, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"367","volume-title":"Egan's fundamentals of respiratory care","author":"Wilkins RL","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wilkins RL. Analysis and monitoring of gas exchange. In: Wilkins RL, , Stoller JK, , Kacmarek RM editors. Egan's fundamentals of respiratory care, 9th edition. St Louis: Mosby; 2009:367\u2013372.","edition":"9"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"891","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guideline: Sampling for arterial blood gas analysis","volume":"37","author":"American Association for Respiratory Care","year":"1992","unstructured":"American Association for Respiratory Care. Clinical Practice Guideline: Sampling for arterial blood gas analysis. Respir Care, 1992;(8)37:891\u2013897.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Blood gas quality assurance","volume":"11","author":"Moran RF","year":"1981","unstructured":"Moran RF, , Van Kessel A. Blood gas quality assurance. NSCPT Analyzer, 1981; 11(I):18\u201326.","journal-title":"NSCPT Analyzer"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"498","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guideline: Blood gas analysis and hemoximetry - 2001 revision and update","volume":"46","author":"American Association for Respiratory Care","year":"2001","unstructured":"American Association for Respiratory Care. Clinical Practice Guideline: Blood gas analysis and hemoximetry - 2001 revision and update. Respir Care, 2001; 46(5):498\u2013505.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"Procedures for the collection of arterial blood specimens; approved standard","author":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards","year":"2004","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Procedures for the collection of arterial blood specimens; approved standard, 4th edition. Wayne, PA: NCCLS; 2004.","edition":"4"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Effects of syringe material and needle size on the minimum plunger-displacement pressure of arterial blood gas syringes","volume":"27","author":"Ansel G","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ansel G, , Douce FH. Effects of syringe material and needle size on the minimum plunger-displacement pressure of arterial blood gas syringes. Respir Care, 1982(2);27:147\u2013151.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(01)00431-0"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"407","article-title":"Agreement between bicarbonate measured on arterial and venous blood gases","volume":"16","author":"Kelly A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kelly A, , McAlpine R, , Kyle E. Agreement between bicarbonate measured on arterial and venous blood gases. Emerg Med Australas, 2004; 16(5\/6):407\u2013409.","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2007.046979"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.4187\/respcare.00788","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4187\/respcare.00788","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4187\/respcare.00788","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:00:55Z","timestamp":1777615255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.4187\/respcare.00788"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.4187\/respcare.00788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4187\/respcare.00788","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-1324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-1324","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}}}