{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:36:57Z","timestamp":1787161017859,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,13]],"date-time":"2012-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The impact of humidification devices on ventilatory and arterial blood gases parameters during noninvasive ventilation (NIV) remains controversial. The aim of the study was to compare the short-term impact of heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) and heated humidifiers (HHs) during NIV for either hypercapnic or hypoxemic acute respiratory failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive subjects receiving NIV were successively treated with HME and HH in randomized order for 30 min each. At the end of each period, arterial blood gases were measured and ventilatory parameters were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty-one subjects were enrolled, of whom 52 were hypercapnic (with or without acidosis) and 29 hypoxemic. Minute ventilation was greater with the HME, in comparison with the HH (15 [12\u201318] vs 12 [10\u201316] median [interquartile range],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), while P\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        aCO\n                        <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      was increased when using HME, indicating a dead space effect. This effect was observed in all subjects, but was more pronounced in hypercapnic subjects (P\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        aCO\n                        <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      62 \u00b1 17 mm Hg with HME vs 57 \u00b1 14 with HH,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). In a subgroup of 19 subjects with respiratory acidosis, alveolar hypoventilation improved only with the HH. The amplitude of the dead space impact was a function of the degree of hypercapnia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Use of an HME decreased CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      elimination during NIV, despite increased minute ventilation, especially in hypercapnic subjects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,5]],"date-time":"2012-06-05T14:32:17Z","timestamp":1338906737000},"page":"1879-1886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Short-Term Effects of Humidification Devices on Respiratory Pattern and Arterial Blood Gases During Noninvasive Ventilation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Lellouche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation M\u00e9dicale, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalier Albert Chenevier-Henri Mondor, Cr\u00e9teil, France."},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unit 955, Equipe 13, Cr\u00e9teil, France."},{"name":"Service de Soins Intensifs de Chirurgie Cardiaque, Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Pignataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation M\u00e9dicale, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalier Albert Chenevier-Henri Mondor, Cr\u00e9teil, France."},{"name":"Departement d'Anesthesie et R\u00e9animation, Hopital Lariboisi\u00e8re, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore Maurizio","family":"Maggiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unit 955, Equipe 13, Cr\u00e9teil, France."},{"name":"Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica Policlinico A Gemelli. Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Girou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Contr\u00f4le, Epid\u00e9miologie et Pr\u00e9vention de l'Infection, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, H\u00f4pital Henri Mondor, Cr\u00e9teil, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Deye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation M\u00e9dicale, H\u00f4pital Lariboisi\u00e8re, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solenne","family":"Taill\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation M\u00e9dicale, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalier Albert Chenevier-Henri Mondor, Cr\u00e9teil, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Fischler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation M\u00e9dicale, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalier Albert Chenevier-Henri Mondor, Cr\u00e9teil, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Brochard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de R\u00e9animation M\u00e9dicale, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalier Albert Chenevier-Henri Mondor, Cr\u00e9teil, France."},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unit 955, Equipe 13, Cr\u00e9teil, France."},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris 12, Cr\u00e9teil, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199509283331301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.7.2101089"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102153440703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-11-200306030-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02323-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.4.2006027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0229-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.7.755"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.3.828"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.166"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2000.0883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199408000-00009"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"887","article-title":"AARC clinical practice guideline. 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