{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T23:03:59Z","timestamp":1778713439285,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effects of moderate-intensity exercise on the sympathetic nervous system in male smokers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-eight men (14 smokers and 14 non-smokers, ages 21\u201346 y) were recruited. The activity of the autonomic nervous system was measured by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Spectral power in the frequency domain was quantified by integrating the area under the curve of the very-low-frequency power (0.007\u20130.035 Hz), low-frequency power (0.035\u20130.15 Hz), high-frequency power (0.15\u20130.5 Hz), and total power (0.007\u20130.5 Hz) bandwidths. We assessed heart rate, thermoregulatory sympathetic nervous system activity (very-low-frequency power\/total power), sympathetic nervous system activity (low-frequency-power\/high-frequency power or [very-low-frequency power + low-frequency power]\/high-frequency power), and parasympathetic nervous system activity (high-frequency power\/total power) of the smokers before and after moderate-intensity exercise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The smokers exhibited a greater degree of sympathetic nervous system activity (as quantified by very-low-frequency power\/total power). The sympathetic nervous system activity of smokers (as indicated by [very-low-frequency power + low-frequency power]\/high-frequency power) also showed a tendency to increase after exercise. Parasympathetic activity, as indicated by high-frequency power\/total power, reduced after exercise in the smokers. These findings are contrary to findings previously reported in obese subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased sympathetic nervous system activity, including thermoregulatory activity, might contribute to cachexia in smokers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,10]],"date-time":"2013-04-10T00:44:51Z","timestamp":1365554691000},"page":"1892-1898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Changes in Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in Male Smokers After Moderate-Intensity Exercise"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ide","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Koryo, Nara, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tsu Seikyou Hospital, Tsu, Mie, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Tabira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, Koryo, Nara, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-8-200010170-00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.6.9705017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2107031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00074807"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.2.8564146"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.4.801"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-006-0207-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800928"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2001.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.57.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00079-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200108000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030672"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"617","volume-title":"Exercise physiology \u2013 human bioenergetics and its application","author":"Brooks GA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brooks GA, , Fahey TD, , Baldwin KM. Obesity, body composition, and exercise. In: Exercise physiology \u2013 human bioenergetics and its application, 4th edition. New York: McGraw Hill; 2005:617-648.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.10111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"312","volume-title":"Exercise physiology \u2013 human bioenergetics and its application","author":"Brooks GA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brooks GA, , Fahey TD, , Baldwin KM. Circulation and its control. In: Exercise physiology \u2013 human bioenergetics and its application, 4th edition. New York: McGraw Hill; 2005:312-362.","edition":"4"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"551","article-title":"Effect of caffeine and\/or cigarette smoking on resting energy expenditure","volume":"18","author":"Collins LC","year":"1994","unstructured":"Collins LC, , Cornelius MF, , Vogal RL, , Walker JF, , Stamford BA. Effect of caffeine and\/or cigarette smoking on resting energy expenditure. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 1994; 18(8):551-556.","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/60.3.312"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","first-page":"407","article-title":"The effect of cigarette smoking on the thermic response to feeding","volume":"10","author":"Robinson S","year":"1986","unstructured":"Robinson S, , York DA. The effect of cigarette smoking on the thermic response to feeding. Inter J Obes, 1986; 10(5):407-417.","journal-title":"Inter J Obes"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198601093140204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.14.2.116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415339a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2007.01721.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1592"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ideal body weight estimated from the body mass index with the lowest morbidity","volume":"15","author":"Tokunaga K","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tokunaga K, , Matsuzawa Y, , Kotani K, , Keno Y, , Kobatake T, , Fujioka S, et al. Ideal body weight estimated from the body mass index with the lowest morbidity. Int J Obes, 1991; 15(1):1-5.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801961"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2008.04896.x"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.4187\/respcare.02240","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4187\/respcare.02240","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4187\/respcare.02240","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:07:10Z","timestamp":1777615630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.4187\/respcare.02240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.4187\/respcare.02240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4187\/respcare.02240","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-1324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-1324","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}}}