{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:49:36Z","timestamp":1777891776087,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]],"date-time":"2013-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378166400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Guaifenesin (glyceryl guaiacolate ether [GGE]) has been studied as a cough suppressant and as an expectorant; however, published studies to date have failed to find a consistent benefit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An 8-day multi-center clinical trial was conducted to study the effect of two 600-mg extended-release GGE tablets twice daily for 1 week on cold symptoms, sputum volume, and properties in adolescents and adults with productive cough from an acute respiratory tract infection (RTI). The study enrolled 378 subjects (GGE,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 188; and placebo,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 190) who were otherwise healthy and had an RTI for up to 5 days before enrollment. Subjects suffered from at least 2 of 3 symptoms of cough, thickened mucus, and chest congestion. A total of 151 GGE and 144 control subjects completed the full protocol. Single-sputum samples were collected from each subject on days 1, 3, 4, and 8 of the study. The rheology and interfacial tension of sputum were measured, and 24-h collected samples from days 1 and 4 were analyzed for total volume and hydration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Symptoms in both the GGE and placebo groups improved to a similar degree over time. There were no significant differences between the GGE and placebo groups for sputum volume (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .41), percent solids (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .69), interfacial tension (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .88), elasticity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .71), viscosity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .45), or mechanical impedance (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .75).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The recommended dose of GGE had no measurable effect on sputum volume or properties and is unlikely to be an expectorant or mucolytic when used to treat acute RTI. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT01046136.)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,4]],"date-time":"2013-09-04T00:47:13Z","timestamp":1378255633000},"page":"631-636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Guaifenesin Has No Effect on Sputum Volume or Sputum Properties in Adolescents and Adults With Acute Respiratory Tract Infections"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Agathe","family":"Hoffer-Schaefer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry J","family":"Rozycki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa A","family":"Yopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce K","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"30002","article-title":"Cold, cough, allergy, bronchodilator, and antiasthmatic drug products for over-the-counter human use: tentative final monograph for over-the-counter anticholinergic drug products and expectorant drug products","volume":"47","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","year":"1982","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Cold, cough, allergy, bronchodilator, and antiasthmatic drug products for over-the-counter human use: tentative final monograph for over-the-counter anticholinergic drug products and expectorant drug products. Fed Reg, 1982; 47:30002.","journal-title":"Fed Reg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.82.6.713"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.1_suppl.238S"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"CD001831","article-title":"Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in ambulatory settings","author":"Smith SM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith SM, , Schroeder K, , Fahey T. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in ambulatory settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012;(1):CD001831.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196405142702008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"60","article-title":"Draft guidance on marketed unapproved drugs: compliance policy guide: availability","volume":"68","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","year":"2003","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Draft guidance on marketed unapproved drugs: compliance policy guide: availability. Fed Reg, 2003; 68:60, 702, 703.","journal-title":"Fed Reg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-13-118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Airway secretion: physiological bases for the control of mucus hypersecretion","author":"King M","year":"1994","unstructured":"King M, , Rubin BK. Mucus rheology, relationship with transport. In: Takishima T, editor. Airway secretion: physiological bases for the control of mucus hypersecretion. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1994:283-314."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.6.2690"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.4.1080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.07521348"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"452","article-title":"Objective sputum changes associated with glyceryl guaiacolate in chronic bronchial diseases","volume":"9","author":"Chodosh S","year":"1973","unstructured":"Chodosh S, , Medici TC, , Ishikawa S, , Enslein K. Objective sputum changes associated with glyceryl guaiacolate in chronic bronchial diseases. Bull Physiopathol Respir, 1973; 9(2):452-456.","journal-title":"Bull Physiopathol Respir"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.07520859"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01902148.2011.623116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pupt.2002.0364"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.4187\/respcare.02640","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4187\/respcare.02640","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4187\/respcare.02640","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:08:47Z","timestamp":1777615727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.4187\/respcare.02640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.4187\/respcare.02640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4187\/respcare.02640","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-1324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-1324","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]]}}}