{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:08:05Z","timestamp":1789978085439,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,29]],"date-time":"2015-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) intolerance is one reason for NIV failure. However, the characteristics, predictors, and outcomes of NIV intolerance are unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective observational study was performed in the respiratory intensive care unit of a teaching hospital. Subjects with acute respiratory failure who used NIV were enrolled. Initially, continuous use of NIV was encouraged. However, if the subject could not tolerate NIV, it was used intermittently. NIV intolerance was defined as termination of NIV due to subject refusal to receive it because of discomfort, even after intermittent use was attempted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 961 subjects were enrolled in the study. Of these, 50 subjects (5.2%) experienced NIV intolerance after a median 2.4 h of NIV support. Age (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.963\u20130.996) and heart rate (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.006\u20131.030) measured before NIV were 2 independent risk factors of NIV intolerance. After 1\u20132 h of NIV, independent risk factors of NIV intolerance were heart rate (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.016\u20131.044) and breathing frequency (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.027\u20131.099). Intolerant subjects had no improvement in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, or breathing frequency after the NIV intervention. Moreover, intolerant subjects had a higher intubation rate (44.0% vs 25.8%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .008) and higher mortality (34.0% vs 22.4%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .08). The three most common complaints were that NIV worsened subjects' distress (46%), that NIV resulted in dyspnea (26%), and that the flow or pressure of NIV was too strong to bear (16%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NIV intolerance worsened subjects' outcomes. Younger subjects with a high heart rate and breathing frequency may be more likely to experience NIV intolerance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,29]],"date-time":"2015-12-29T22:03:55Z","timestamp":1451426635000},"page":"277-284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Noninvasive Ventilation Intolerance: Characteristics, Predictors, and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linfu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lintong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.130974"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.100071"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"CD004104","article-title":"Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","author":"Ram FS","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ram FS, , Picot J, , Lightowler J, , Wedzicha JA. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004;(1):CD004104.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"CD005351","article-title":"Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary edema","author":"Vital FM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vital FM, , Saconato H, , Ladeira MT, , Sen A, , Hawkes CA, , Soares B, et al. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008;(3):CD005351.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02319"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-14-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000251821.44259.F3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.4.2006027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.5.1508"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21482"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2004.018309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-001-1114-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02323-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808133390703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000045563.64187.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1768-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.2.176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200203000-00019"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"148","article-title":"Full face mask for noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure","volume":"107","author":"Roy B","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roy B, , Cordova FC, , Travaline JM, , D'Alonzo GEJr, , Criner GJ. Full face mask for noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. J Am Osteopath Assoc, 2007; 107(4):148\u2013156.","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-2026-y"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"2034","article-title":"Early use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicentre randomized controlled trial","volume":"118","author":"Collaborative Research Group of Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary D","year":"2005","unstructured":"Collaborative Research Group of Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary D. Early use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Chin Med J, 2005; 118(24):2034\u20132040.","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318232d75e"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00123509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-5229.45076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.09541306"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.4187\/respcare.04220","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4187\/respcare.04220","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4187\/respcare.04220","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:16:08Z","timestamp":1777616168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.4187\/respcare.04220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,29]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.4187\/respcare.04220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4187\/respcare.04220","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-1324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-1324","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,29]]}}}