{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T07:58:32Z","timestamp":1785484712952,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]],"date-time":"2016-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482451200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respir Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n \n Accurately measuring the partial pressure of end-tidal CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (P\n \n ETCO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ) in non-intubated patients is problematic due to dilution of expired CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n at high O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n flows and mask designs that may either cause CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n rebreathing or inadequately capture expired CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n . We evaluated the performance of 2 capnographic O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n masks (Cap-ONE and OxyMask) against a clinically expedient method using a standard O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n mask with a flow-directed nasal cannula used for capnography (CapnoLine) in a spontaneous breathing model of an adult and child under conditions of normal ventilation, hypoventilation, and hyperventilation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n \n An ASL-5000 simulator was attached to a manikin face with a catheter port, through which various CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \/air mixtures were bled into the ASL-5000 to achieve a P\n \n ETCO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:sub>\n of 40, 65, and 30 mm Hg. Both P\n \n ETCO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:sub>\n and inspired P\n \n CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:sub>\n were measured at O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n flows of 5, 10, 15, and 20 L\/min (adult model) and 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 L\/min (pediatric model).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n P\n \n ETCO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:sub>\n decreased to varying degrees as O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n flow increased, depending upon the breathing pattern. Although all devices appeared to perform reasonably well under normal and hyperventilation conditions, the clinically expedient method was associated with substantially more CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n rebreathing. P\n \n ETCO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:sub>\n usually deteriorated more under simulated hypoventilation, regardless of the measurement method.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Both of the specially designed O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n capnography masks provided reasonably stable P\n \n ETCO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:sub>\n without significant CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n rebreathing at the commonly used O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n flows. Because of their open design, P\n \n ETCO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:sub>\n measured at high O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n flows may produce artificially lower readings that may not reflect arterial CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n levels compared with lower O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n flows.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.05111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,21]],"date-time":"2016-12-21T10:08:14Z","timestamp":1482314894000},"page":"78-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Comparison of Different Techniques for Interfacing Capnography With Adult and Pediatric Supplemental Oxygen Masks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Justin S","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Care Services, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance P","family":"Pangilinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Care Services, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Earl R E","family":"Mangalindan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Care Services, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph L","family":"Booze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Care Services, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard H","family":"Kallet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Care Services, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2005.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1709"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181b060b6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000269489.26048.63"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200204000-00031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2013075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.07520989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.09540102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"68","volume-title":"Applied respiratory physiology","author":"Nunn JF","year":"1977","unstructured":"Nunn JF. Applied respiratory physiology. 2nd edition. London, United Kingdom: Butterworths; 1977:68.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"1189","article-title":"A novel mainstream capnometer system for non-intubated pediatric patients requiring oxygen administration","volume":"2011","author":"Takatori F","year":"2011","unstructured":"Takatori F, , Yamamori S, , Inoue M, , Abe S, , Miyasaka K. A novel mainstream capnometer system for non-intubated pediatric patients requiring oxygen administration. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2011; 2011:1189\u20131192.","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"Oridion Medical. Capnostream-20 operator's manual. Minneapolis Minnesota: Oridion Medical. 2008:128."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Philips Medical Systems. IntelliVue MX-450 Operator's Manual. Eindhoven Netherlands: Philips Medical Systems. 2012; 533."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Model 8400 capnograph operation manual","author":"Smiths Medical ASD","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smiths Medical ASD. Model 8400 capnograph operation manual. St Paul, Minnesota: Smiths Medical ASD; 2011:14\u20131."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-009-9171-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"Nihon Kohden. CO2 sensor kit operator's manual. Tokyo Japan: Nihon Kohden; 2013:6."}],"container-title":["Respiratory Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.4187\/respcare.05111","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4187\/respcare.05111","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.4187\/respcare.05111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T08:54:46Z","timestamp":1775465686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.4187\/respcare.05111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.4187\/respcare.05111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4187\/respcare.05111","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-1324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-1324","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]]}}}